Various silicate structures arise from the different ways in which the SiO44-units can be combined into one-, two-, and three-dimensionallefin（烯烃）;
Example：
Alkyne/Alkine（炔烃）
Saturated （饱和）
Covalent Bond
All bonds are single ones and no new atoms may be joined without the removal of others that are already bonded.
Noncrystalline Solids
silica tetrahedron
silica crystals structure
2.9 Polymer Structures (聚合物结构)
2.9.1 Introduction Hydrocarbons（烃）
Hydrocarbons are composed of hydrogen and carbon. The intramolecular bonds are covalent.
Paraffin family： methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8) etc.
Unsaturated（不饱和）
Molecules that have double and triple covalent bonds are termed unsaturated.
-ane
Alkane（ 烷烃）
Methane(甲烷)
-ene
Alkene （烯烃）
Ethene(乙烯)
-yne
Alkyne （炔烃）
Ethyne(乙炔)
-ol
Alcohols（醇类） Ethanol(乙醇)
-ether
Ethers （醚类）
acid
Acids （酸类）
-ate
Ester （酯类）
Prefix of some organic compounds
There is a significant covalent character to the interatomic Si–O bonds which bonds are directional and relatively strong.
There is a 4 charge associated with every SiO44tetrahedron, since each of the four oxygen atoms requires an extra electron to achieve a stable electronic structure.
2.9.3 Fundamental Concepts (基本概念) P79
Mer
Polymer
－CH2－CH －CH2－CH－CH2－CH －CH2－CH－
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
Mer(单体单元，结构单元):
Structural entities, originates from the Greek word meros, which means part;
Methyl-
甲基
Methane
Ethyl-
乙基
Ethane
Propyl-
丙基
Propane
Butyl-
丁基
Butane
Pentyl-
戊基
Pentane
HexylHeptyl-
己基 庚基
Hexane Heptane
Octyl-
辛基
Octane
Nonyl-
壬基
Nonane
Decyl-
癸基
Decane
Naming of Polymer Poly+name of momnomer
Alkene family： ethene (C2H4), propene (C3H6) etc. Alkyne family： ethyne (C2H2), propyne (C3H4) etc.
2.9.2 Naming of Polymer （聚合物命名）
Naming of Monomer
Postfix of some organic compounds
Polymer
Poly: 聚，多聚；Polymer was coined to mean many mers. A compound consisting of long-chain molecules, each molecule made up of repeating units connected together.
Types of covalent bond in hydrocarbons: Single covalent bond（单键）
Example：
Saturated hydrocarbons （饱和烃）; Alkane/ paraffin(烷烃)
Double covalent bond（双键） Triple covalent bond （三键）
2.8 silicate ceramics
Characteristics Structures of these materials in terms of unit
cells, it is more convenient to use various arrangements of an SiO44- tetrahedron . Each atom of silicon is bonded to four oxygen atoms, which are situated at the corners of the tetrahedron; the silicon atom is positioned at the center.
long-chain molecules:长链分子 repeating units： 重复单元
Macromolecules （polymer) These molecules are in the form of long and