Airport management actions
Recognise the true traffic generation potential of the airport: As an O&D gateway: driven by population, GDP/capita and tourism, among others As a transit hub: driven by the strength of the resident airline As a logistics centre: driven by the strength of resident airlines, market position and competition, and infrastructure Partner with the airlines: Understand their particularities as they are not all the same and there are specific requirements Provide them with differentiated facilities specifically designed to meet airlines operational and financial needs Co-operation rather than passive relationship Industry wide issues such as economic and environmental challenges demand increasing collaboration between airports and airlines
New LCC routes
• New point-to-point routes are being opened resulting from lower cost structure of LCCs • LCCs drive away legacy carriers (and associated feeding airlines) as these cannot compete • This puts pressure on smaller hubs as they loose their niche roles as intra-continental connecting points • Some traffic is also eroded from mega hubs, particularly P2P which may shift to secondary airports but this helps by releasing capacity
Many airports left with overcapacity due to over investments. Thus, temptation to reduce charges to attract carriers
HST to play an increasingly important role in intra continental traffic
The Airport - Airline Relationship
Airport Ecomomics
1
机场与航空公司之间的关系
Consolidation of two airline models
Low cost • Increasing market share in all regions • Point-to-point traffic (hub bypass) but some connections too • Financial incentives, specially by smaller airports Intercontinental airlines • Larger aircraft for hub&spoke • Smaller aircraft on point-to-point • Increased deregulation means more competition • Fewer super-hubs in long-term
近期展望
• 航空公司业务持续存在不确定性因素。当前盛行的商业模式
泾渭分明，即：洲际航空公司和低成本型航空公司 • 全球金融危机以及政府开支削减加大了融资的压力 • 海湾航空承运人和机场在洲际运输的地位日益增强 • 过度扩张使得很多机场容量剩余。由此，须减少机场收费以 吸引航空公司 • 高铁占有的洲内运输份额日益增加
What can we expect in the short-medium term
Continuous uncertainty in the airline business. Clear cut models to prevail: i.e. Intercontinental and LCCs Less funding available for investment as a result of Global Financial Crisis and cuts in Government spending Gulf carriers and airports to play an increasing role in the movement of intercontinental traffic
科学技术
• 小型远程飞机使得次级城市能够开辟洲际直飞航线，但主要飞往 超大型枢纽 • 大型飞机能够提供经由超大型枢纽的廉价航班 • 超大型枢纽巩固其洲际门户机场的地位
All airports affected by a new paradigm
Mega-hubs
Few can survive - these will mainly be the base of dominant intercontinental mega-carriers Large investments will be required to maintain dominance Competition at a global scale Some competition from P2P by Gulf carriers
Most airports (large and small) do not fully exploit their commercial revenue potential Many small airports do not have the ―critical‖ mass to generate considerable nonaeronautical revenue Most small airports and increasing numbers of medium-sized airports are trying to attract LCCs because of the considerable volume of traffic they generate Increasing competition to established mega-hubs from Gulf carriers
Regional airports
Sever margin pressure from LCCs Higher competition as increasing number of airports enter the market and aim to attract LCCs Competition from alternative transport modes (HST)
航空公司：两种商业模式并存
低成本型航空公司
• 在各地区的市场份额呈上升趋势 • 点对点运行（绕道枢纽），但有时也需要中转 • 财政激励，特别是小型机场
洲际航空公司
• • • • 大型飞机，多用于中枢/辐射型航线 小型飞机，多用于点对点运行 放松管制，竞争愈演愈烈 长远看，超大型枢纽将寥寥无几
LCC & Technolondary hubs
Decreasing intercontinental hubbing Some long-haul P2P Increasing pressure from LCCs in the form lower prices and alternative secondary airports Need to consider possible impact from HST
低成本型航空公司&科技引领变革
低成本型航空公司开辟新航线
• 运营成本较低，低成本型航空公司不断开辟新的点对点航线 • 低成本型航空公司拥有老牌承运人（及相应的支线航空公司）不 具备的优势 • 对小型机场形成压力，小型机场将失去其洲内航线中转节点的重 要地位 • 一些航班（尤其是点对点航班）将从超大型枢纽机场撤出，转到 二级机场，反而释放了容量
新模式对各类机场的影响
超大型枢纽
• • • • 超大型机场将寥寥无几，主要承担大型航空公司的基地职能 日常运营耗资巨大 全球范围内的竞争 海湾航空点对点直航运营带来的竞争压力
次级枢纽
• 减弱洲际枢纽功能 • 拥有一些点对点远程直航航线 • 低成本型航空公司的价格低廉和其它可选次级机场的竞争压力逐 渐增长 • 需要考虑高铁带来的潜在影响
Technology
• Smaller long-range aircraft allow secondary cities to open direct non-stop intercontinental routes, but mainly to mega-hubs • Larger aircraft allow cheaper flights via mega-hubs • Mega-hubs consolidate their position as continental gateways