高考英语语法一轮复习──动词的时态和语态一、现在时1. 一般现在时：基本结构：do / does / be (am/is/are)用法：(1) 表示现在的习惯动作、状态。
(2) 表示客观规律、真理；特征、性格等。
(3) 用于标题，小说、剧本、图片等中的情节介绍。
(4) 用于时间、条件、让步状从中，表将来。
(5) 表示按计划、规定的时间发生的动作，如时刻表等。
仅限于come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等趋向动词。
(6) 用于一些完全倒装句，表示进行意义。
2. 现在进行时：基本结构：be(am/is/are) doing;用法：(1) 表示现在、现阶段正在发生、进行的动作。
(2) 表示按计划或已安排好的事情，只限于go, come, leave, arrive, start, return, stay, sail, fly 等动词。
(3) 与always, forever, constantly, continually等副词连用，表示反复出现的习惯性动作，往往含有赞赏或厌恶的感情色彩。
注意：1. 表示感觉、心理、结果性的动词一般不用于进行时。
2. 常见表进行的副词、介短：in progress in operation on show3. 现在完成时：基本结构：have/has done用法：(1) 过去发生且结束，但对现在造成影响。
(2) 过去发生且持续到现在。
(3) 在以下两个句型中，其从句要求用现在完成时：It (This) is the first (last, second, third) time that…It (This) is the best (worst, most interesting,…) + n. + that…4.现在完成进行时：基本结构：have/has been doing…用法：表示某动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。
巩固练习：1. I’ve won a holiday for two days to Florida. I ________ my mum.A. am takingB. have takenC. will have takenD. take2. Because farmland ________ quickly, the government is considering solving the problem.A. is being lostB. is lostC. is losingD. loses3. John and I ________ friends for 8 years. We first got to know each other at a party. But we ________ each other a couple of times before that.A. had been; have beenB. have been; have beenC. had been; had seenD. have been; had seen4. Dad will come to see me when I ________ the training course.A. will have finishedB. will finishC. are finishingD. Finish5. —Did he notice you enter the room?—I don’t think so. He ________ to the radio with his eyes shut.A. listenedB. was listeningC. has listenedD. had listened6. We ________ our new neighbors yet, so we don’t know their names.A. don’t meetB. won’t meetC. haven’t metD. hadn’t met7. I have to go to work by taxi because my car ________ at the garage.A. will be repairedB. is repairedC. is being repairedD. be repaired8. —________ leave at the end of the month.—I don’t think you should do that until ________ another job.A. I’m going to; you’d foundB. I’m going to; you’ve foundC. I’ll; you’ll findD. I’ll; you’d find9. I won’t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he ________ on it for an hour.A. has been workingB. will have workedC. will have been workingD. had worked10. The father as well as his three children ________ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.A. is goingB. goC. goesD. are going二、过去时1. 一般过去时：基本结构：did/be(was/were)用法：(1) 表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与yesterday, last night, a moment ago, the next day 等过去的具体时间状语连用。
(2) 表示过去习惯性动作，可用used to / would + do结构。
(3) 用于时间、条件、让步状从中，表示过去的将来。
(4) 用于虚拟语气中：1）用于if条件从句中，表示对现在、将来的虚拟；2）在wish / as if / if only / wouldrather / It is time等+从句中，表示对现在或将来的虚拟。
(5) 表示刚才或过去不知，现在或说话时已知。
(6) 有时可代替一般现在时，表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。
表示委婉语气的动词有want, hope,wonder, think, intend 等，及情态动词could, would。
2. 过去进行时：基本结构：be (was/were) + doing用法：(1) 表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作。
(2) 表示从过去的某一时间来看按计划会发生的事情，只限于go, come, leave, arrive, start, return, stay, sail,fly 等动词。
(3)用来描述一件事情发生的背景，即一个长动作延续的时另一个短动作已经发生。
3. 过去完成时：基本结构：had + done 总概念：过去的过去。
用法：(1) 用于主从复合句中：两个动作皆发生在过去，前一个动作用过去完成时。
(2) 用于时间状语为“by + 过去时间”的句子中。
(3) 表示过去未曾实现的意图、打算、希望，只限于表示意向的动词，如think, hope, wish, expect, intend,plan, mean 等，意为“原本……但未能……”。
(4) 用于“hardly/scarcely…when; no sooner…than”的主句中。
(5) 用于虚拟语气中：表示与过去的事实相反。
巩固练习：1. Thousands of people took part in the work when the dam ________.A. was builtB. builtC. was being builtD. would be built2. Mr. James ________ a city bus for 20 years. Now he has retired.A. was drivingB. droveC. has drivenD. had driven3. We ________ that you would be able to visit us, but you didn’t.A. expectedB. expectC. had expectedD. were expecting4. Rose ________ a book about China last month, but I don’t know whether she has finished it.A. has writtenB. wroteC. had writtenD. was writing5. Joan could be a very attractive girl, but she ________ no attention to her clothes.A. paysB. paidC. was payingD. had paid6. They should have finished the job before noon, but they ________.A. don’tB. didn’tC. won’tD. haven’t7. Wouldn’t it be better if we ________ a car?A. boughtB. have boughtC. buyD. could buy8. —Your phone number again, please. I ________ quite catch it.—It’s 9586440.A. didn’tB. couldn’tC. don’tD. can’t9. When I was at college, I ________ 3 foreign languages, but I ________ all except a few words for each.A. spoke; had forgottenB. spoke; have forgottenC. had spoken; had forgottenD. had spoken; have forgotten10. —We could have walked to the station. It was so near.—Yes. A taxi ________ at all necessary.A. wasn’tB. hadn’t beenC. wouldn’t beD. isn’t三、将来时1.一般将来时：基本结构：will/shall （用于第一人称）+ do用法：表示将来的动作或状态。