中式英语之鉴
丹尼斯自己不努力,还老是眼红别人的 成就。
[误] Denis himself doesn’t work hard, however, he is always red-eyed of other people’s achievements. [正] Denis himself doesn’t work hard, however, he is always green-eyed of other people’s achievements. 注:中国人说一个人嫉妒用“眼红”,但英美人则用 “眼绿”来形容。英语的 green 除了表示颜色之外还有 “嫉妒”的意思,又如:I was absolutely green when I saw his splendid new car(我看到他那辆漂亮的新 车非常眼红)。其实,英语中许多表示色彩的词汇都有 特殊的含义,不能照字面去理解。再比如:He gave me a black look(他恶狠狠地蹬了我一眼);She visits
中式英语之鉴
汉语是我们的母语。
[误] Chinese is our mother language .[正] Chinese is our mother tongue. 注:tongue 除了指“舌头”,还可以用来指 “语言,方言”,如 the Spanish tongue 并非指“西班牙舌头” ”,而是指“西班牙 语”。我们常说的有“语言天赋”,英语里 相应的表达是 the gift of tongues.
对不起,我把课本忘在家里了。
[误] Sorry, I forgot my textbook at home. [正] Sorry, I left my textbook at home. 注:原文中的“忘”是指“落在家里” 的意思,不能翻译成英文的 forget, 而应用表示“把„留在某地,丢下,
因为没有吃的,那个小男孩瘦得像猴子。
[误] That Somali boy is as thin as a monkey because of the lack of food. [正] That Somali boy is as thin as a shadow because of the lack of food. 注:同一事物,在不同的文化里可能引起不同的联想, 具有不同的内涵。所以,在一种语言中用这种事物作 比喻,而在另一种语言中很可能会有不同的表达。这 样的例子中英文还有很多,例如:as timid as a hare(胆小如鼠),as strong as a horse(力大如 牛),as poor as a church mouse(一贫如洗)等。
我爷爷是奔75的人了。
误] My grandpa is running for seventyfive. 正] My grandpa is getting on for seventy-five. 注:run for 有“竞赛,竞选”之意,如: run for Congress(竞选国会议员),run for the presidency(竞选总统)等。而 get on for 才表示“接近”,它通常用进 行时态,后面一般跟年龄或者时间,如: It’s getting on for midnight(快到半
Thank you !
夏天要多喝白开水。
[误] You water in [正] You water in
should drink more white boiled summer should drink more plain boiled summer.
注:“白开水”不是指“水的颜色是白色”, 而是指“水中没有添加其他的东西”。而 plain(简单的,平常的,朴素的) 正是指“没 掺杂其他东西的,单纯的”,所以能确切表达
我是一个中国人。
[误] I am a Chinese. 正] I am Chinese.
注:第一句译文是不地道的,正确的 说法应该去掉不定冠词,或者说 I am a Chinese man。同样,He is an English 也没有 He is English 或 He is an Englishman 好。
正如中国的一句俗话:“笨鸟先 飞”。
[误] As an old Chinese saying goes, “Stupid birds have to start flying early.” [正] As an old Chinese saying goes, ”Clumsy birds have to start flying early.” 注:“笨鸟先飞”常用来比喻那些能力差的人,因 为做事怕落后,所以就提前行动。这里的“笨”并 非 stupid(智力低下的,愚蠢的)的意思,而用 clumsy(笨拙的,不灵巧的)更恰当。
听到这个消息,没有一个人不感到兴奋。
[误] Having heard the news, nobody did not feel excited. 正] Having heard the news, everybody felt excited.
注:汉语中把主、谓语同时否定(双重否定)以表示肯 定,但这不符合英语习惯,所以 nobody„not 的结构 在英语中是不正确的。翻译这类句子时,可像上面正确 的译文那样,把主语和谓语都改成肯定形式;也可用 “there be + 否定的主语 + 否定形式的定语从句”来 表达,即:There was nobody who did not feel
你希望什么时候成家呢 ?
[误] When do you want to start a family? 正] When do you want to get married? 注:中文的“成家”是“结婚”的意思, 而英文 start a family 的含义却是“生 第一个孩子”,二者完全不是一回事。
宁做鸡头,不做凤尾。
[误] Better be the head of a cock than the tail of a phoenix. [正] Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion. 注:每种语言中都有许多约定俗成的表达, 没有什么道理好讲,但使用时则需遵照各自 的语言习惯。中文是“鸡头”和“凤尾”比, 而英语中却要用“狗头”和“狮尾”。
爸爸总爱发脾气。
[误] Dad always likes losing his temper [正] Dad is apt to lose his
注:like doing something 表示“喜欢 干某事”,一般用来说明某人的兴趣爱好; 而 be apt to do sth.则表示“常常发生 某种行为”或“容易发生某种变化”。根 据原文的意思显然应该用后者。