高三英语学科二轮语法专题复习教师辅导教案非谓语动词之现在分词和过去分词Daily expressions1. Allow me．让我来。
2. Be quiet! 安静点!3. Cheer up! 振作起来!4. Good job! 做得好!5. Have fun! 玩得开心!6. How much? 多少钱?7. I'm full．我饱了。
8. I'm home．我回来了。
9. I'm lost．我迷路了。
10. My treat．我请客。
11. So do I．我也一样。
12. This way。
这边请。
13. After you．您先。
14. Bless you! 祝福你!15. Follow me．跟我来。
批注：上面是一些常用日常生活交际英语，帮助学生拓展口语知识。
右边是《生活大爆炸》剧照，《生活大爆炸》是由查克·洛尔和比尔·普拉迪创作的一出美国情景喜剧，在2007年9月24日由哥伦比亚广播公司（CBS）推出。
此剧由华纳兄弟电视公司和查克·洛尔制片公司共同制作，讲述的是一个美女和四个科学家的故事，2011年续拍第五季。
2009年8月，该剧赢得了电视评论协会（TCA）最佳喜剧系列奖，吉姆·帕森斯亦赢得了喜剧类的个人奖项。
Step2:一、分词1、定义：分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种，是一种非谓语动词形式。
分词既有动词的特征，又有形容词和副词的特征。
2、基本形式：现在分词由动词原型加ing 构成，为了区别动名词doing ，我们用v-ing 表示； 过去分词我们用done 表示，或者用v-ed 形式表示。
二、分词的句法功能1、两个基本特点：1）在时间上现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示动作已经完成。
a developing country 一个发展中国家 （a developed country 一个发达国家）boiling water 沸腾的水 ( boiled water 白开水) rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳 （risen sun 升起的太阳）2）在语态上现在分词表示主动；过去分词表示被动。
the ruling class 统治阶级 the ruled class 被统治阶级the exploiting class 剥削阶级 the exploited class 被剥削阶级2、句法功能： 分词句法功能 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 v-ing/v-ed★★★★1）作表语：现在分词作表语表示主语的性质或特征；过去分词作表语表示主语的状态。
The basketball match was exciting. We are excited at the good news.The book is interesting. I’m interested in it.考点：区别由现在分词和过去分词转化而来的形容词，常见的这类词有：对比 对比对比exciting/excited; moving/moved; frightening/frightened;tiring/tired; surprising/surprised; astonishing/astonished; satisfying/satisfied; disappointing/disappointed; interesting/interested pleasing/pleased; inspiring/inspired2）作定语：现在分词和过去分词都可以作定语。
现在分词表示：①主动；②进行；③所修饰词的性质和特征过去分词表示：①被动；②完成；③所修饰词的性质和特征The man standing there is our headmaster. 站在那里的人The fire destroyed the house built by his father last night. 他父亲修的房子falling leaves 正在下掉的树叶fallen leaves 掉到地上的树叶1）不及物动词的过去分词，只表示完成，不表示被动；如例句中的fallen leaves.2）分词作定语时，常可以转换为相应的定语从句；如：The meeting held yesterday is important.= The meeting which was held yesterday is important.3）单个分词作定语通常放在所修饰词之前，分词短语作定语通常放在所修饰词之后；4）现在分词短语作定语时，所表示的动作不能先于谓语动词所表示的动作，也不可以表示将来；另外，一般不用现在分词的完成式作定语；Here is Mr. Li coming from Beijing. (×)改为：Here is Mr. Li who has come from Beijing.Those having finished their work can go home now. （×）改为：Those who have finished their work can go home now.The man giving us a lecture last week left for Shenzhen this morning. （×）改为：The man who gave us a lecture last week left for Shenzhen this morning.5）系动词的现在分词形式不可用作后置定语，此时要用从句来表示；Those being busy don’t have to go. (×)改为：Those who are busy don’t have to go.His brother being a PLA man is 18 years old. (×)改为：His brother who is a PLA man is 18 years old.6）不及物动词的过去分词不可用作后置定语，若要表示这个意思要用从句；The lion died in this zoo the other day was a mother lion. (×)改为：The lion that died in this zoo the other day was a mother lion.3）作状语：分词（短语）作状语时，常位于句首（也可位于句末），并用逗号隔开。
分词作状语时，可作时间、条件、结果、原因和伴随状语；此时分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。
所以用现在分词还是过去分词一要看分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间的主被动关系。
二要看分词所表示的动作与谓语动作之间的时间先后关系。
口诀：主动用-ing，被动用-ed；若被动为完成或进行时，要用现在分词被动形式别忘记。
① _________ （see）from the top of the hill, we could see a beautiful city.② _________ （see）from the top of the hill, the city looked beautiful.【答案】①Seeing；②Seen1）过去分词作时间状语，有时可在前面加上连词when或while来强调时间概念。
2）过去分词作条件状语，有时可在前面加上if来强调条件概念。
【例句】Hearing the news, he became worried and scared.The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.Given another chance, he will do better.Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.4）作宾补：现在分词和过去分词都可以用在“vt + 宾语+ 宾补”结构中作宾补。
这时我们要分析宾语和宾补之间的关系。
①用现在分词表示两者存在主动关系和动作正在进行；②用过去分词表示存在被动关系；I saw Tom beating someone. 我看见汤姆正在打人。
（主动，进行）I saw Tom beaten by someone. 我看见汤姆被人打了。
（被动）1）能用现在分词作宾补的动词常见的有see, hear, watch, notice, find以及have, keep, set, leave等。
2）能用过去分词作宾补的动词常见的有see, hear, watch, notice, find以及have, keep, make, leave等。
3、分词的时态和语态：以make为例及物动词make 不及物动词go主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式making being made going完成式having made having been made having goneHearing the news, he jumped with joy.Arriving there, they found the boy dead.Having finished his homework, he went out.Having received the invitation, he went there happily.He is the man giving you the money. = He is the man who gave you the money.He is the man stopped by the car. = He is the man who was stopped by the car.= As it is very hot, we decided to go swimming.Night falling, we hurried home.= As night fell, we hurried home.2）某些分词短语作独立成分时，用来解释整个句子，这时可以不受上面所讲的限制。