大学英语四级语法精要
一、动词(时态，语态，用法，省略，一致性等)
（一）时态
1、主动形式
过去现在将来过去将来一般did do will/shall do should/would do
进行was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing /
完成had done have/has done will/shall have done should/would have done
用于虚拟语气完成进行had been doing have/has been doing / /
2、被动形式
过去现在将来过去将来
一般was/were given am/is/are given Will / shall be
given should/would be given
进行was/were being given am/is/are being given / /
完成was/were being given am/is/are being given / /
完成进行/ / / /
· CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。

·时间状语从句当中的时态：
一般过去时所有的过去
用一般现在时表示现在和将来
现在完成时现在完成和将来完成
3、现在完成进行时态(have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.
· I’ve been writing letters for an hour. I’ve bee
n sitting in the garden.
4、过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作
· We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.
5、将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.
· By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.
6、将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时会业已发生的事.
· I shall have finished this one before lunch.
They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.
（二）语态
1、可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:
· He was said to be jealous of her success.
It was said that he was jealous of her success.
·能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”，“相信”等意义的动词，常见的。