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英语从句专四考点归纳


• 考点三:表语从句:be动词或者系动词后面跟主语补 足语。 • 1)The question is whether the book is worth reading at all.(问题是这本书是否值得一读。) 2)That is why we don't like it. • 考点四:同位语从句(专业四级英语考查的重点) • 同位语从句的特点是由一个抽象名词+that从句构成, 引导词一般是that, 而且that在从句中不充当任何成 分。这些抽象名词有:news, idea, fact, doubt, evidence, promise, rumor, hope, truth, belief, message等,同位语从句是对抽象名词进行说明解释。
• 2.形容词性从句(即定语从句)(复合句考查的重 点) • 定语从句主要用来修饰它前面的先行词(名词或代词) 的从句,所以又称形容词从句。根据与先行词的关系, 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 定语从句主要考查引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副 词;介词+引导词以及非限制性定语从句。对于定语 从句,在历年专业四级英语试题中,相对集中地考查 了非限制性定语从句、关系代词和关系副词的选用、 定语从句中的一致关系以及"介词+关系代词"等知识点。
名词性从句
• 名词性从句:即从句在整个句中起名词 作用,分别可以作主语、宾语、表语、 同位语等,所以这类从句包括主语从句、 宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名 词性从句侧重考查考生在一定的语言环 境下对英语从句的语序、从句连接词的 运用以及主从句时态的呼应等知识点的 掌握;
• 考点一:主语从句:主要考查主语从句的引导词;主句的谓语动 词,一般用单数。 • 1)It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun. 众 所周知,地球围绕太阳转。(说明:由连词that引导的主语从句, 在大多数情况下用代词it作形式主语。) • 2)Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 我们明天是否在户外开晚会要视天气 而定。(此时不能用if引导主语从句,只能用whether。) • 3)When the sports meet will be held is not decided. 何时举 行运动会还没有决定。 • 4)Which car you will choose to buy makes no difference. • 你决定买哪一辆车都不会有任何区别。


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考点一:引导定语从句的引导词有关系代词(who, whom, which, that, whose)和关系副词(as, when, where, why)等。但是当下列情况出现时, 对引导词有特殊要求。 1) 当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, little, much时; 当先行词被all, no, some, any, every, a few, a little, much, only, very 修饰时;当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或者先行词既有人 又有物时,定语从句的引导词用that。例如: Everything (that) he said seemed quite reasonable. 他所说的每件事 似乎都很有道理。 You can take any toy that you like. 你可以拿走任一件你喜欢的玩具。 The first thing (that) I saw will never be forgotten.我永远不会忘记 我见到的第一件事情。
• This is the last thing (that) I want to do. 这是我最不想做的 事情。 • They are talking about the things and persons (that) they can remember in that country. 他们正在谈论他们所能够记起 的那个国家的人和事。 • 2)why引导表示原因的定语从句,其先行词一般是reason。当 主句主语是reason时,作主句表语的成分不能有because和 because of 。其结构一般为the reason why…is that…,或者 the reason that … is that…,如: • He did not tell us the reason why he was late again. 他没有告 诉我们他为什么又迟到了。 • The reason why (that)he didn't come is that he was ill
• 试比较: • I will never forget the days that/which I spent in Beijing University. (本句days 作spend 的宾语, 故用关系代词that / which ) • I have never been to Beijing, but it’s the place that I most want to visit. (place 作visit 的宾语。)
• 考点二:考查“介词 + 关系代词”引导定语从句的用 法。当先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,往往可 以把介词放在关系代词之前,构成"介词 + 关系代词 (whom / which)"结构。但一些短语动词(如look after 等)中的介词不能与动词分开,故不能放在关系代词之 前。 American women usually look upon their best friend as someone with whom they can talk frequently. 美国妇女通常把她们最要好的朋友看成是 可以经常倾诉的对象。 (关系代词whom在定语从句中作介词with的宾语, talk with sb.意为"与某人谈话"。)
• 另外,我们还要注意"部分 + of 介词+ 关系代 词(整体名词)"结构,该结构,做关系词也 就是 "部分名词 + of which/whom"的结构, 往往可以翻译成“其中”。(学位考查重点) He invited many scientists to his birthday party, two of whom were his old classmates. 他邀请了许多科学家出席他的生 日宴会,其中有两位是他的老同学。
英语从句句子,由从属连词连接。 由主句和从句构成的复合句,是英语中比较复杂的句 子结构。从句的种类有很多,但根据其性质和作用可 以分为:名词性从句,形容词性从句(即定语从句), 副词性从句(即状语从句)三大类。从句构成与用法 的考查要点很多,历来是专业四级英语考试试题的热 点与焦点,专业四级英语考试几乎每年都涉及到对名 词性从句、定语从句以及状语从句的考查,常将并列 连接词、从属连词、关系代词、关系副词放在同一题 干中进行考查,故意设置干扰项,增加试题难度,以 考查考生分析交际语境、理解句子之间的逻辑关系的 能力。
• 如: • 1)We heard the news that he had won the game. 我们听到 消息他赢得了比赛。 试比较: • 2)We heard the news that he had told her. 我们听到他对她 说的消息。(宾语从句) • 例2中的that从句的作用相当于一个形容词,其作用是修饰the news;例1中的that从句的作用相当于一个名词,是对the news 的进一步说明。 • 有时如果主句的谓语动词较短,为保持句子平衡,避免头重脚轻, 同位语从句也常与要说明的名词分开。例如:Word came that he died yesterday. 消息传来说他昨天死了。
• 说明:当名词doubt用在否定句中时,其后的同位语 从句应用that引导;而用在肯定句或疑问句中时则可 以用其他词来引导。例如: • I never have the doubt that you can look after yourself. 我从没有怀疑过你可以照看好自己。 • Some people have the doubt how such a little boy can lift so heavy a box. 这么一个小男孩怎么能举起 这么重的盒子,对此人们表示怀疑
• 考点三:当先行词为表示时间的名词(如:time, day, year, week, month, occasion)或地点的名词(如: place, room, city, country)时,一般用关系副词 when 和 where. 分别相当于in which, at which, on which。但是当这些表示时间或地点的名词作从句的 宾语时,则要用关系代词that 或which。 • I can't forget the days when (in which) I studied with you. • Can you tell me the day when (on which) you met her for the first time? • China is the only country where (in which) wild pandas(熊猫)can be found. • I’ll never forget the village where (in which) I spent my childhood(童年).
• 考点四:非限定性定语从句不能用that引导, 一般用引导词 which / as或who(指人),非限定性定语从句既可以修饰主句 的部分内容,也可修饰主句的全部内容。 • as引导的非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主 句之中或之后,但which或who引导的非限定性定语从句不能放 在主句句首。(考查重点) • The large area is covered with thick snow, which has been reported on TV. 大片区域为积雪所覆盖,这已在电视里报道了。 • His speech, which was very boring, was over at last. 他的讲 演,非常枯燥,终于结束了。 • Her sister, who lived in another city, was coming to visit her. • As we all know, the moon(, as is known to us.)is a satellite of the earth.(as is known to us.) 此外,as后如果是被动语态,被动语态中的be动词可以省略; which后的be动词同样情况下则不可以省略。 • Football and baseball, as played in the United States today, are basically modifications of games that originated in England.
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