Unit 2Jobs and Careers Objectives:★first listen, and then learn to ask about job opportunities and go for job interviews★read about online job applications and dream jobs★write about how to find a potential job★practice the use of unreal condit ions★write your own résumé★visit Culture Salon to learn to tell the difference between job and careerI Passage A Your Dream Job: A Click Away1.SummarySince most students will choose t o work aft er graduation, job-hunting is of great importance to them. They will writ e plent y ofrésumés about their education and send them to the companies they want to work for. It takes both time and energy to do so. Now, thanks to the development of the Int ernet, job-hunting has become much easier. Job-hunters can find a job just by clicking a mouse on the comput er. Many of them make their dream come t rue through the Internet.This article describes the experiences of five people who used online sources to look for new jobs. Theresa Smith used the JOB-TRAK website to find an administ rative assistant’s job at a universit y.Steven Tools used the CareerBuilder website to find a marketing management position. Madeline Gragg used Yahoo! to find a job t eaching English in Japan. Nedzad Dozlic used a newspaper websit e to fi nd a driver’s job with a car dealership. Wendy Mello used CareerBuilder t o find a position in human resources for a media-information-services company. Mello also used another website t o calculat e the cost ofliving in her new location and to decide what salary to request. All these are typical examples of online job searches, since many different types of jobs can now be found this way.nguage Points1. career: a job or profession for which one is trained and which one intends to follow for the whole of one’s lifeExamples:There are many more careers open to women now than fifty years ago.Florence Nightingale made nursing her career.2. refer to: 1) send (someone or something) to (usually someone else) for decision or action Examples:The Local Court has referred the whole case to the High Court.The dispute between the two countries was referred to the United Nations.2) mention; speak aboutExamples:Don’t refer to the matter again.The speaker referred to his past experience.3. criteria: (pl.) an established rule, standard, or principle, on which a judgment is based Examples:What criteria do you use when judging the quality of a student’s work?There are several criteria of a good school.4. salary: fixed (usually monthly) pay for regular workExamples:My father draws his salary at the end of every month.Don’t spend all of your salary. Try to put something away each month.5. resident: a person who lives ( in a place) and is not just a visitorExamples:The local residents were angry at the lack of parking spaces.The residents of the town are proud of its new library.6. come across: meet or discover, especially by chanceExamples:I have just come across a beautiful poem in this book.She came across some old letters in the course of her search.7. curious: eager to know or learnExamples:The boy was curious about everything he saw.Miss Matfield threw a curious glance at her.8. fill out / in: put in (whatever is needed to complete something)Examples:After Tom passed his driving test he filled out an application for his driver’s license.The policeman filled out a report of the accident.9. fill up: make or become completely fullExamples:The room soon was filled up with people.The rain has filled up the ditches again.10. available: able to be got, obtained, used, etc.Examples:A limited number of seats are still available.There were no tickets available for Friday’s performance.11. elevate: make better, higher, or more educatedExamples:The clerk was elevated to a managerial position.The government is trying to elevate the living standards of the people.12. scan: look through quicklyExamples:He scanned the newspaper while having his breakfast.He scanned the articles that might give the information he needed.13. procedure: an action or set of actions necessary for doing something Examples:Writing a check is quite a simple procedure.We have worked out a new set of procedures for using this machine.14. spot: pick out, recognize, see (one person or thing out of many)Examples:He was the first to spot the danger.We spotted the winner of the beauty contest the moment she appeared.15. variety: number or group of different thingsExamples:Everyone arrived late at the party for a variety of reasons.The college library has a wide variety of books.16. potential: that can or may come into existence or action Examples:Although this area is very poor now, its potential wealth is great. We should always be on the lookout for potential dangers.17. learn of: become informed ofExamples:How did you learn of our product? Was it through our advertisement?I learned of your new address from your parents.18. via: by means of; usingExamples:I’ve read this French play via an English translation.I sent a message to Mary via her sister.19. annual: of one yearExamples:The annual farm output was to be increased by 4 to 5 percent. Mr. White’s annual income is $36 000.20. financial: connected with moneyExamples:In that case they would receive financial aid from the state. They are now confronted with a serious financial crisis.21. current: of present timeExamples:They suggested measures to overcome current difficulties.In some schools children study current affairs as a subject.22. flash: show for a momentExamples:The news flashed on television.He flashed a $10 note at the man by the door.23. detailed: with a lot of facts givenExamples:He gave me a detailed account of his work.He kept a detailed diary of the meetings.3.Important sentences1. The career placement center referred the liberal-arts major to JOB-TRAK, an Internet site listing 45 000 entry-level positions.The career placement center advises the student majoring in liberal arts to visit JOB-TRAK, a website containing 45 000 jobs for new workers.2. Smith is one American who clicked her way into a job.Smith is one American who found a job online.3. “The Internet is like hiring a personal assistant,” says Tools. “Effortlessly you can become aware of opportunities that may elevateyour ca reer.”The Internet is like a personal helper. It presents you with information about possible chances to improve your career.4. Most major newspapers and trade publications have onlineversions of their classified listings, enabling job-seekers to scan for work available across town, in another state, or around the world. Mostmajor newspapers and specialist journals have their job advertisements online, to helpjobseekers quickly spot job vacancies anywhere in the world.5. A refugee of the war in Bosnia, Dozlic had had a variety of jobs but was now ready for something new.Dozlic, who escaped from the war in Bosnia, had done severaldifferent jobs but was now ready to find a new one.6. To find out more about the company, she clicked on toArtitron’s home page and that of its parent company, Ceridian Corp., where she reviewed an annual report and the company’s financial performance.To learn more about the company she entered its website and the website of its headquarters, and studied the company’s ye arly report and financial situations.7. By accessing an online real estate service, she saw color photos of rental properties... Through an online real estate site, she saw pictures of homes which a person can rent rather than buy...4.Practical Writing Reference KeyThere are several things you cannot ignore when tracking down information on job openings. First, you should consult your friends, relatives, or neighbors, who may offer information unavailable elsewhere. Second, you should read the classified section in the newspapers often. Next, remember to register with two or three recruitment agencies.Finally, don’t forget to make use of the Internet. In today’s society the Internet is a quick and cost-effective method for employers to announce their employment needs. Therefore, if you log onto the Internet, you just might find your dream job.II Passage B Dream Jobs: College Students Make Their Picks1.SummaryFor recent college graduates, finding a job is a lot like finding a match when dating. In its annual survey of U.S. college students, the research firm Universum USA asked its more than 60 000 respondents to identify the characteristics they associate with dream employers, and broke down the results into seven personality types: careerists, entrepreneurs, explorers, harmonizers, hunters, idealists and leaders.Google continued to rank as the big favorite, taking the No. 1 spot in five of the personality types and taking a top three spot in all seven. Apple was in the top three with six of the personality types, and Disney was in the top three for five, including idealists, who ranked it No. 1 ahead of Google. Banks, oil companies, and the Big Four accounting firms lost some of their luster among business students, but government and nonprofit employers had a good year among careerists. Disney and Apple, perceived as offering dynamic, challenging work settings, gained ground in this year’s survey with several personality types.Petter Nylander, chief executive of Universum, says it’s clearthat young pe ople want employers who share their values and are a good fit for their personality. “What you see is young employees selecting companies that confirm their views of themselves,” he says.Language Points1. personality: characteristics and qualities of a person seen as a wholeExamples:Parent s have great influences on the development of a child’s personality.I’m deeply impressed both by your personality and talent.2. genuine: authentic; sincereExamples:I was shocked to know that such an expensive painting was not genuine.Having been working here for 20 years, I do have a genuine love for the campus.3. connection: relationshipExamples:My conclusion is that there is no connection between the two incidents.We can s ee a clear connection between one’s attitude and one’s performance.4. arm candy: (informal) a sexually attractive person who accompanies another at social events Examples:Tony usually had two pretty girls accompany him to parties as arm candy.She’d already had mini-roles in eight movies when she turned up as George Sanders’ arm candy in the party scenes of this film.5. survey: investigation using a pool or questionnaireExamples:A recent survey found that 36% of the women asked did not feel safe walking alone at night.They ran a survey of the most popular television programs.6. identify: recognize or distinguish (as being the specified person or thing)Examples:This is a course that teaches us to identify plants and flowers.Can you identify your umbrella among this lot?7. characteristic: distinguishing featureExamples:A person of your characteristic is sure to be popular with young people like college students.Generosity is one of his nicest characteristics.8. associate: connect in thought, memory or imaginationExamples:Whisky is usually associated with Scotland.People will always associate the name of Steve Jobs with Apple.9. break (something ) down (into): be divided or divide into partsExamples:Expenditure on the project breaks down as follows: raw materials $1m, equipment $2m, wages $2m.Water is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen.10. prestigious: having or bringing prestige; having high statusExamples:Ya le University is one of the world’s most prestigious universities.Only the most prestigious scholars deserve such a title.11. recruit: enroll (someone) as a member or worker in an organization; enlistExamples:The coach recruited nine boys for the baseball team.Our university recruited more staff this year than last year.12. assignment: a duty or piece of work that is given to someone to doExamples:Five staff members have agreed to take on the one-year assignment in Africa.This is a difficult assignment for him, but he has made up his mind to complete it.13. balance: a state in which opposite or competing forces are evenly matched or given equal importanceExamples:She tried to keep her balance but still fell off the bike.Maintaining a favorable balance of trade is a difficult task for the country.14. secure: feeling safe, stable, and free from fear or anxietyExamples:Many young people today don’t feel secure about their future.His position in the company is quite secure.15. employment: a person’s trade or professionExamples:According to the report, 85% of the college graduates have found employment.The newly-built factory can provide employment for many people.16. competitive: of or involving competition; able to do as well as or better than others Examples:This supermarket offers more competitive prices, so its business is very good.The country boasts a car industry that is competitive with any in the world.17. prospect: picture in the mind or imagination, especially of a future event; the possibility or likelihood of some future event occurringExamples:He is so excited by the prospect of having his own house in such a big city.When he thinks of the prospect of a holiday abroad, he feels motivated to work hard.18. earnings: money which is earned by workingExamples:The husband has to give most of his earnings to his wife every month.After a month’s work my earnings are just 1800 Yuan.19. ethical: of morals or moral questions; morally correctExamples:This is an ethical issue that we should never neglect.His behavior is not ethical.20. designate: mark or point out clearly; choose (someone / something ) for a special purpose Examples:The boundaries between the two countries are designated on the map.The eastern part of the city has been designated as a development zone.21. overall: total; generalExamples:My overall impression of him is that he is very talkative.Can you tell me the overall cost of the project?22. favorite: a person or thing that is loved above all othersExamples:Hollywood blockbusters are my favorites.He is a favorite with his grandfather.23. rank: give (someone or something) a rank or place within a grading systemExamples:Almost all the schools rank the students according to their grades.I rank Google higher than Apple.24. diversity: varietyExamples:There was a diversity of opinions on whether a nuclear plant should be built near the city.The tolerance of diversity is the key to the survival of the worldin the 21st century.25. critical: of or at a crisis; decisive; crucialExamples:The unemployment problem in that country is very critical at present.At the critical moment he jumped into the river and saved the boy.26. reflect: embody or represent (something) in a faithful or appropriate wayExamples:Her remarks at today’s meeting reflected her personality.The article reflected the author’s opinion on the matter.27. belief: something one accepts as true or real; a firmly held opinion or conviction Examples:Nothing can shake my belief in his integrity and honesty.He has a strong belief in t hat country’s higher education.28. ethnicity: state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition Examples:We welcome all talent, regardless of their background, gender and ethnicity.In this university you must learn to get along with people of different ethnicities.29. attractive: having the power to attractExamples:The mountain is very attractive at this time of year.He has got three very attractive job offers.30. for starters: first of all, to start withExamples:For starters, we don’t have enough time.He is not suitable for the task. For starters, he hasn’t got any experience in dealing with emergency.31. luster: soft brightness of a smooth or shining surface; glory, distinctionExamples:She couldn’t eat, and her hair lost its luster.Brave deeds add luster to one’s name32. consequence: a result or effect of an action or condition; importanceExamples:Drunk driving can have very bad consequences, so make sure that you never violate the law.This is an issue of tremendous consequence for the country.33. in addition: as an extra person, thing, or circumstanceExamples:In addition, there is a severe drought in many provinces in the country.The international language school teaches English and mathematicsin addition.34. account for: make up (a specified amount or proportion)Examples:The local people just account for 1/3 of the workers in the factory.Food and clothing accoun t for a large portion of the family’s monthly expenditure.35. category: a class or division of people or things regarded as having particular shared characteristicsExamples:The books fall into two categories: those of social sciences and those of natural sciences.We can divide the products of the company into three categories.36. appealing: attractive, charming, interestingExamples:The film is not appealing to me.Th e actor’s voice makes him very appealing to his fans.37. achievement: something successfully finished or gained, especially through skill or hard work Examples:The scientist was rewarded by the government for his great achievement in rice hybrids research.The successful launch and return of the manned spacecraft was a great achievement of our country’s manned space program.38. further: help the development of (something); promoteExamples:This is a good opportunity for you to further your career.The aim of this activity is to further our cause of helping the disabled.39. significant: of noticeable importanceExamples:The annual report of the company is significant for the public.Your success in this position will be significant for your future.40. network: interact with other people to exchange information and develop contacts, especially to further one’s careerExamples:He shows great skill in networking with people of different personalities.For your self-development, you should learn how to network with your boss.41. come in: finish in the stated place in a race or competitionExamples:George came in third in the 100-meter race.Where did our team come in — second or third?42. likely: probable; that is expectedExamples:I think it likely that we will win the match.The likely outcome of the negotiation is a compromise made on both sides.43. as well as: in addition toExamples:There are young trees as well as flowers in his garden.He is hard-working as well as intelligent.44. reputation: the beliefs or opinions that are generally held about someone or something Examples:The doctor has a reputation for being very patient.The expert has lost his good reputation because he often speaks for the privileged.45. executive: a person with senior managerial responsibility in a business organization Examples:He is one of the company’s senior executives.As the chief executive he spends much time on decision making.46. confirm: reinforce someone in (an opinion, belief, or feeling); make definiteExamples:The information provided by Mr. White confirmed my judgment of the company’s financial status.The couple’s joint statement in today’s newspaper confirmed the rumor that they had divorced each other.47. identity: the fact of being who or what a person or thing isExamples:Show me your identity card, please.The reporter concealed his identity so that he could make the investigation smoothly.48. build (something) on (something): base (something) on (something); use something as a foundation for making further progressExamples:Your accusation is not built on evidence.The company drew the conclusion by building on its own survey.2.Sentence Explanation1.Everybody want s a genuine connection, and a little arm candy doesn’t hurt.Everybody wants a true and sincere relationship, a good match to their personality in locating a job, but it is not bad to have something to help make you look more appealing whe n “dating”.2. The employees must refl ect our users.Our employees must be people with a diversity of beliefs, background and ethnicit y to refl ect our users, who are people of diverse cultural backgrounds.3. For starters, banks, oil companies, and the Big Four accounting fi rms lost some of their luster among business students.First of all, banks, oil companies, and t he Big F our accounting firms are not as excellent and appealing as before in the eyes of business students.4. “W hat you see is young employees selecting companies that confirm their views of themselves,” he says.“What you see is young employees selecting companies thatrecognize and reinforce their views,” he says.5. “Your identity today is built on where you work. It se nds a strong message about who you are.”“Your identity today is recognized according to where you work. Where you work tells people a lot about your social position, your economic st atus, etc.”III General Writing: Unreal ConditionsTo make predictions, you may find unreal conditional clauses useful. Unreal conditions are either impossible or unlikely to be realized. In unreal conditional sent ences, a contrary-t o-fact condition exists. Examples: Present Time:If this was allow ed to happen, the dam would collapse.If the dam collapsed, many acres of good farmland w ould disappear.Past Time:If this had not been allowed t o happen, the dam w ould not have c ollapsed.Past Time with Present or Future Result:If they had passed the law, the economy w ould be in bett er shape now.。