Petroleum
• Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the Earth's surface. • A fossil fuel, it is formed when large quantities of dead organisms, usually zooplankton and algae, are buried underneath sedimentary rock and undergo intense heat and pressure.
non-renewable resource
Natural resource, such as coal, oil, or natural gas, that takes millions of years to form naturally and therefore cannot be replaced once it is consumed; it will eventually be used up. The main energy sources used by humans are non-renewable; Fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas generate a considerable amount of energy when they are burnt (the process of combustion). Non-renewable resources have a high carbon content because their origin lies in the photosynthetic activity of plants millions of years ago. The fuels release this carbon back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. The rate at which such fuels are being burnt is thus resulting in a rise in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, a cause of the greenhouse effect.
coals
uses
• Coal as fuel：Coal is primarily used as a solid fuel
to produce electricity and heat through combustion.
• Coking coal and use of coke：Coke is a solid
types of coal
• • • • • • • Peat：泥炭 Lignite ：褐炭 Bituminous coal or black coal ：烟煤 Sub-bituminous coal ：次烟煤 Steam coal：蒸汽煤；短沼煤；锅炉煤 Anthracite：无烟煤 Graphite：石墨

世界煤田分布
new words
• photosynthetic[,fəutəsin'θetik】adj. 光合的；光合作用的 • combustion [kəm'bʌstʃən] n. 燃烧，氧化；骚动 • flammable['flæməbl] n. 易燃物 adj. 易燃的；可燃的；可燃 性的 • zooplankton [,zəuəu'plæŋktən] n. 浮游动物 • sedimentary [,sedi'mentəri] adj. 沉淀的 • undergo [,ʌndə'ɡəu] vt. 经历，经受；忍受 • bituminous [bi'tju:minəs] adj. 沥青的，含沥青的 • volatile ['vɔlətail] 详细»n. 挥发物；有翅的动物 adj. [化学] 挥发性的；不稳定的
凡士林
coal
• Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure. • Coal is composed primarily of carbon along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Extract
Pumpjack pumping an oil well near Lubbock, Texas.
世界石油分布
uses
• It is refined and separated, most easily by boiling point, into a large number of consumer products, from petrol and kerosene to asphalt and chemical reagents used to make plastics and pharmaceuticals.Petroleum is used in manufacturing a wide variety of materials,and it is estimated that the world consumes about 88 million barrels each day. • The use of fossil fuels such as petroleum can have a negative impact on Earth's biosphere, releasing pollutants and greenhouse gases into the air and damaging ecosystems through events such as oil spills.
carbonaceous residue derived from low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal from which the volatile constituents are driven off by baking in an oven without oxygen at temperatures as high as 1,000 °C (1,832 °F) so that the fixed carbon and residual ash are fused together.