高考短文改错解题技巧短文改错是集语法知识与语言技能为一体的综合性英语试题,旨在考查学生对语言的评价与校正的能力以及对词汇、语法和语篇三要素的把握能力。
一、做短文改错题基本步骤1、改前通读,强化语篇意识。
在着手改错之前一定要快速阅读全文,这一步很关键,切忌拿来就改。
只有站在语篇的高度上,通篇解读全文,了解短文大意,才能贯通短文改错上下文,找出与语篇有关的错误并进行有效的改正。
2、改中细读,注意语法、词汇错误。
在纠错时要仔细地读懂每一个句子,因为只有站在完整句子的角度,才能发现其中的错误。
由于多数句子不是只占一行,所以只有读完整个句子,仔细分析,才能发现错误、纠正错误。
3、改后复读,纠正失误,减少差错。
做完短文改错后将答案放回原文,再重读全文,其目的主要是查看有无不符合逻辑,语句不通畅,不符合英语习惯的问题。
改后复读,往往会发现那些在通读与细读中不曾发现的问题或作出的误改。
二、出题规律以及解题关键1、名词短文改错的名词考点主要涉及名词的单复数问题,即在该用复数的地方误用其单数,或在该用单数的地方误用其复数。
例如:(1)We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream.(waters 改为water,因“水”为物质名词,不可数)(2)There are branch library in many villages.(library 改为libraries,因其前的谓语are为复数)(3)I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon.(times 改为time,some time 意为“某时”)(4)They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question.(question 改为questions,因其前有表示复数意义的修饰语lots of)2、代词短文改错对代词的考查主要涉及人称代词的前后一致性(包括指代的一致性和单复数的一致性)、人称代词的主格与宾语变化、各类代词的误加与漏用(尤其是一些易受汉语影响的结构)、某些不定代词的用法(尤其是在意思上用错)、代词在某些习语中的用法等。
例如:(1) David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village.(去掉it,因它与其前的关系代词which 语义重复)(2) When we walked to the car, Bill smiled and shook head.(head 前加his,汉语可“摇头”,而英语的习惯要说shake one’s head)(3) We climb everywhere, not only in America. They have been to Europe many times.(They 改为We,前后人称不一致)(4) The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(his 改为their,因前面的the Smiths 指的是“史密斯夫妇/一家”,是复数意义)3、冠词短文改错对冠词的考查主要涉及冠词的误加和漏用,有时也考查不定冠词与定冠词以及零冠词的用法区别(包括 a 与an 的区别)。
其中,涉及最多的是,当一个单数可数名词表示泛指时,其前漏用不定冠词;另外,冠词在一些习语中的用法也是一个重要考点。
例如:(1) After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened.(a 改为an,因hour 读音以元音开头)(2) I decided to climb the tree to see where we were.(the 改为a,因此处并非特指,而是泛指)(3) Good health is person’s most val uable possession.(person’s 前加a,这里的a 表泛指)(4) Maybe you could come during a winter holidays.(a 改为the,此处的winter holidays 属特指或者是谈话双方都知道的)(5) Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.(去掉a,catch sight of 是习语,意为“看见、瞥见”)4、形容词/副词短文改错对形容词与副词的考查主要涉及形容词和副词比较等级的误用(尤其是在本身已是比较级的词前误加more)、形容词与副词的混用(如修饰动词时误用形容词或修饰名词时误用副词)等,另外,用作表语时该用形容词的却误用了名词、简短副词(如in, down 等)的误加与漏用、涉及形容词搭配的as…as 结构、how 与what 的混用等也是常考的考点。
(1) After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening.(frightening 改为frightened,因它表示某人感到害怕,而不是令人害怕)(2) Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the taller building in New York.(taller 改为tallest,因从含义上看此处应是最高级)(3) As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past.(去掉more,因为longer 本身已是比较级,不能再受more 修饰)5、介词短文改错对介词的考查主要涉及在及物动词后接宾语时误加介词和在不及物动词后接宾语时漏加介词、可直接用作状语的副词短语前误加介词、介词与其他词的常用搭配、常用介词的基本用法、习语中的介词用法等。
例如:(1) Bill insisted in staying near the car.(in 改为on,insist on 为固定搭配)(2) When they came down the police were angry to them.(to 改为with,要表示对某人生气,英语习惯上用be angry with sb)(3) Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.(去掉for,因其前的get 是及物动词)6、并列连词短文改错对并列连词的考查主要涉及and, but, or, so 等几个表示并列、转折、选择、因果等关系的词语。
严格说来,这类错误主要属于行文逻辑的错误。
例如:(1) We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do.(and 改为but,因此处语意转折)(2) I told Mother, Father, Sister, all my friends here what a great time I had.(all 前加and,表示并列关系)(3) It is a very important exam but I can’t afford to fail it.(but 改为and / so,此处表因果关系,并非转折关系)(4) It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.(and 改为or,a visitor 和a guest 应是选择关系,意思是“好像我的父母亲把我当作一个来访者或一个客人”)(7) I’m the captain of our school team so with my fellow players we’ve won several game s.(so 改为and,表并列关系)7、动词此考点归纳的是除动词时态与非谓语动词之外的动词考点,它包括被动语态、情态动词、动词形式的变化、动词用法辨析、动词be 的误加与漏用等。
(1) Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building.(seeing 改为seen,因为从含义上看,此处谓语应用被动语态)(2) Books may be keep for four weeks.(keep 改为kept,因此处要用被动语态)(3) …and let you know when the book you want has returned.(returned 之前加been,因从句意上看,此处要用被动语态)(4) Uncle Ben will also go back for Christmas.(go 改为come,由句意可知)(5) They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions.(eager 前加were,因此处缺谓语动词)8、时态动词时态考点主要涉及一般现在时与一般过去的区别,其命题方式通常是在一个一般现在时的背景下误用某个一般过去时;或者反过来,在一个一般过去时的背景下误用某个一般现在时。
从所涉及的动词来看,主要涉及be 和have两个常用动词。
有时也涉及其他时态,如一般将来时,现在完成时等,但很少见。
例如:(1) We were driving along a narrow road when the car stop…(stop改为stopped)(2) Also, scientists and doctors had learned how to deal with many diseases.(had 改为have)(3) If the book you will want is out, you may ask for it to be called back for you.(去掉will)9、非谓语动词短文改错对非谓语动词的考查主要涉及不定式符号to 的有无,介词后该使用动词的什么形式(用动名词),并列结构中几个非谓语动词是否一致,动词用作主语时用何种形式(可用动名词或不定式,但不能用动词原形)等。