The Subjunctive Mood
虚拟语气
英语动词有 三 种语气
陈述语气 祈使语气 虚拟语气
用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不太可能发生的情况，而 是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。
虚拟语气的应用
A. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的 应用
B. 虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用 C. 虚拟语气在某些句型中的应用
had done
would/could/should/ might+have+done.
1. did / were 2. should do 3. were to do
would/could/should/ might + V.(原)
与现在事实相反：
虚拟条件句
主句
did be---were
should/would/could/mig ht + do
Eg. Without /But for your help, we would not have made such rapid progress.
1.I was ill that day. 0therwise, I _w_o_u__ld__h_a_v_e__ta_k_e_n__ (take ) part in the sports meet.
had done
would/could/should/ might+have+done.
1. did / were 2. should do 3. were to do
would/could/should/ might + V.(原)
If虚拟句的省略和倒装
如果条件状语中有were, had, should时, 可以省略 if倒装成：Were / Should / Had +主+其他
more careful,
the mall would
not be on fire now.
If you had taken your father’ advice,
You wouldn’t have trapped in the traffic jam now.
与将来事实相反
虚拟条件句
主句
did/ were should do were to do
要是失败了，我会再试一次。
明天要是周日的话，我们就不参加考 试了。
If it were Sunday tomorrow, we wouldn’t have an exam.
主从句的谓语形式
时间 If 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式
现在 过去 将来
did / were
would/could/should/ might +V.(原)
如If果I w我er是e 你yo，u, 我I w会ou再ld试try一it次ag。ain. Were I you, …
如If 果he他ha昨d b天ee在n 那the儿re的ye话ste，rd他ay就, h会e w看o那uld 部ha电ve影se了en。the film.
Had he been there yesterday, …
This same thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster. (条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime 中) He studied hard at high school, or he couldn’t have entered Beijing University. (暗含条件是连词or)
should/would/could/ might +do
表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动 词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形，而 主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/ could might + 动词原形。
If it should fail, I would try again.
A. 虚拟语气在条 件状语从句中的 应用
条件句中虚拟语气的考点 1、基本用法； 2、 混合条件句； 3、虚拟条件句的省略和倒装 4、含蓄条件句;
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主从句的谓语形式
时间 If 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式
现在 过去 将来
did / were
would/could/should/ might +V.(原)
如If 果it s明ho天ul下d s雪no，w我tom们o就rro不w出, w去e 了wo。uldn’t go out.
Should it snow tomorrow, …
4.If it ___r_a_i_n_e_d_/__s_h_o_u_l_d__rain/ w_e_r_e__t_o__r_ain(rain) tomorrow, we w_o__u_ld__n_o_t__g_o__o_u_t_(not go out).
2.I _m_i_g_h_t_h_a_v_e_g_i_v_e_n_ (give) you more help, but I was too busy.
3.A man who stopped drinking _w_o_u_l_d_b_e__ (be) dead in seven days. 4.But for water, it _w_o_u_l_d_b_e_ (be) impossible to live in the desert.
1) If he has time,he will go shopping tonight.
与事实相反！
2) If I had time,I would visit you.
与过去事实相反
虚拟条件句
主句
had done
should/would/might/co uld +have +done
If the staff had been
5._W ___e_r_e(be) I in good health, I w_o__u_ld_/_s_h_o_u__ld__go(go) with you tomorrow.
含蓄条件句
有时 假设的情况并不以条件从句表示 出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，如， otherwise, without, but for等，或者从上 下文中表示出来，这种情况叫含蓄条件 句，主句要用虚拟语气。