Reflection： 不定式主要是用作什么状语？ 作其它状语时，句子结构有什么特征？
三、. 分词作状语 1.分词作状语的形式
形式 (not) doing
(not) having done (not) being done
(not) having been done v.-ed (done)
意义 与句子主语为逻辑上的主动关系,且与谓语动词同时/ 基本同时发生 与句子主语为逻辑上的主动关系,先于谓语动词发生 与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系,且与谓语动词同时/ 基本同时发生 与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系,且先于谓语动词发生 与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系,表完成
不定式或分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致，若不一致， 则需要带有自己的逻辑主语,称之为独立主格结构。 独立主格结构:名词/代词+分词/不定式(名词，形容词，副词，介词短语) ; with复合结构：with/without+名词/代词+分词/不定式（名词，形容词，副词，
介词短语）。
特点: ①逻辑主语独立存在，与句子的主语不同。 ②逻辑主语与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。 ③独立主格结构一般由逗号与句子分开。
4) The holiday
finished (finish),we began our new term.
5) As a result, the virus had been found in the majority of provinces ，
with thousands of people i_n_f_ec_t_e_d___（infect）.
2.分词作状语的句法功能
eg.
As she didn't see anybody at home, she decided to leave them a note.
2) He glanced at her, noticing （notice）that though she was tiny, she seemed
very well.
and noticed that though she was tiny, she seemed very well.
区别：He lifted a rock only __t_o_d_r_o_p__(drop) it on his own.
3) When offered help,one often says “Thank you” or “It's kind of you”. when he is offered help
lives to prevent the virus from further spreading.
中国所有的人都在牺牲他们正常生活的许多方面，以防止病毒进一步
传播。
二、不定式作状语 1.不定式作目的状语 eg:1) He wrote an outline to refer to (so as / in order ) not to leave out any
不定式作原因状语，多见于表语(形容词)之后，这些表示情绪的形容词, 常见的有: happy, glad, sorry, anxious, proud, disappointed, angry, surprised, delighted, pleased 等。
4.特殊句型“主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+to do”
不定式作目的状语,其前还可加in order/so as,用in order /so as to do 结构进行强调。 区别：to do/in order to do可以放在句首;
so as to do 一般只放在句中。 否定: not to do/ in order not to do/ so as not to do
eg.1) Judging from his accent,he is from Hong Kong. 2) To tell you the truth (说实话）, I feel a little annoyed. 3） Provided（假如）that people each were sincere, they should forgive
important details for the presentation. in order/so that he couldn’t leave out...
2) In order to/To contain (contain) its spread, the Chinese government has stepped up measures, calling on people to stay at home __t_o_a_v_o_i_d_(avoid) infection.
each other a lot. 4) T__a_k_in_g__in__to__a_c_co_u__nt(考虑到）that the next one to two weeks are extremely
important in stopping the spread of infection, the government considers there to be a large risk of transmission at sports, cultural events and large gatherings of people.
3.不定式作原因状语
not，never， only，just，
but，all
翻译：I’m only too pleased to go with you.
我非常乐意和你一起去。 very
eg.You may be surprised to learn (learn)that a person can survive the disaster.
4) Having been warned (warn)many times, he still turned a deaf ear to
the novel coronavirus. Though he had been warned many times,,
5) Generally speaking , if taken （take）according to the directions , the drug
五、独立主格结构和with复合结构作状语
eg.1) Here're the first two volumes, the third one _to__c_o_m__e_ （come) out next
week.
2) Weather permitting (permit),we are going to call on you tomorrow. 3) So many people b_e_i_n_g_a_b_s_e_n_t（absent), we had to put off the meeting.
分词作状语时,可以表时间、原因、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随、 结果等状况。为了强调,还可与while, when, once, if, unless等连词连用。
Reflection： 分词一般作什么状语？
如何区分使用它的不同形式？
四、独立成分作状语
有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式不受主句的影响,称作独立成分。常 见的有: generally speaking __一__般__来__说____; frankly speaking___坦__白__地__说_____; judging from/by......__根__据__…__…__来__判__断__ compared to/with _与__…__…__相__比____ supposing/ provided/ providing ...___假__如__，__如__果____ considering...given.../taking...into consideration(account) 考__虑__到__…__鉴__于__._._._ to tell you the truth/to be honest with you /honestly speaking _说__实__话_____
时间、条件、原因、目的、
让步、方式或伴随、结果。
一、不定式、分词作状语的基本原则
（不含地点和比较状语）
不定式、分词作状语时,句子主语一般是其逻辑主语，并且和句子主
语之间存在逻辑上的主动或被动关系,否则一般不能使用不定式、分
词作状语。
All of the people in China are sacrificing many aspects of their normal
济南市2020年寒假延期开学网络学习资源
高二年级英语学科 不定式和分词作状语 山东省实验中学西校 付韶光 济南市教育教学研究院监制
高二英语同步语法复习
不定式和分词作状语
非谓语动词用法比较
主动语态
被动语态
句法功能
do 一般式 进行式 完成式 一般式 完成式 主宾表 定 状状 补
不定 式
现在 分词
动名 词
4 ) Back off, Mom, I'm old enough to make (make) my own decisions!
5) I'm too tired
to stay
(stay)up any longer.
不定式可作结果状语，常出现在下列结构中: so/ such...as to ...enough to only to (常表示“意外的或事与愿违的结果”) too...to 等
eg:1) This question is easy to answer. 2)Data is nearly impossible to collect （collect） in the dark.