北京科技大学2013年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题============================================================================= 试题编号： 247 试题名称：英语（二外）（共 12 页）适用专业：日语语言文学说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

============================================================================== Part I Vocabulary (10 points, 0.5 point each)Section A (5 points)Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1. This matter settled, we decided to _______ to the next item on the agenda.A) succeed B) exceed C) proceed D) precede2. You can’t afford to let the situation get worse. You must take ________ to put it right.A) decisions B) directions C) sides D) steps3. There were no tickets ________ for Friday’s performance.A) preferable B) considerable C) possible D) available4. Don’t ________ this news to the public until we give you the go-ahead.A) release B) relieve C) relate D) retain5. The young lady is Mr. Smith's step-daughter, her _______ parents having died in an accident.A) ecological B) psychological C) physiological D) biological6. My camera can be ________ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.A) treated B) adjusted C) adopted D) remedied7. Don’t have him for a friend. He’s ________ a criminal.A) anything but B) but for C) rather than D) nothing but8. We are interested in the weather because it ________ us so directly-what we wear, what we do,and even how we feel.A) affects B) benefits C) guides D) effects9. Let’s not wait any longer, he might not ________ at all.A) turn over B) used to C) turn up D) turn down10. Not ________, the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to culture.A) obviously B) surprisingly C) particularly D) normallySections B (5 points)Directions:There are 10 questions in this part. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A), B), C) and D).Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter onthe Answer Sheet.11. Many women prefer to use cosmetics to enhance their beauty and make them look younger.A) reveal B) underline C) improve D) integrate12. The manager is seeking some cost-effective methods that can call forth theirinitiative.A) efficient B) economical C) conventional D) unique13. An important innovation in this college was the introduction of the seminary method foradvanced students.A) idea B) matter C) change D) policy14. Readers are required to comply with the rules of the library and mind their manners.A) observe B) memorize C) comment D) request15. It has been scientifically proved that man does have some inherent abilities thatother species don't possess.A) general B) internal C) peculiar D) inborn16. Studies of the role of positive thinking in our daily lives have yielded interestingresults.A) specific B) active C) creative D) confident17. At that moment the first idea that came to her mind was that a disaster was aroundthe corner.A) coming to an end B) still in the airC) soon to happen D) out of the question18. Opinion polls suggest that the approval rate of the president is on the increase.A) agreement B) consensus C) permission D) support19. This young lawyer dares to take on the powerful on behalf of the poor and weak.A) win the favor of B) find good jobs forC) assume the responsibility for D) accept the challenge of20. Not everyone in the intelligence community was convinced the document wasgenuine.A) standard B) valid C) neat D) naturalPart II Cloze (10 points, 0.5 point each)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passageand mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.As the place circled over the airport, everyone sensed that something was wrong. The plane was moving unsteadily through the air, and __21__ the passengers had fastened their seat belts, they were suddenly __22__ forward. At that moment, the air-hostess __23__. She looked very pale, but was quite __24__. Speaking quickly but almost in a whisper, she __25__ everyone that the pilot had __26__ and asked if any of the passengers knew anything about machines—or at __27__ how to drive a car. After a moment’s __28__, a man got up and followed the hostess into the pilot’s cabin.Moving the pilot __29__, the man took his seat and listened carefully to the __30__ instructions that were being sent by radio from the airport __31__. The plane was now dangerously close __32__ the ground, but to everyone’s __33__, it soon began to climb. The man had to __34__ the airport several times in order to become __55__ with the controls of the plane. __36__ the danger had not yet passed. The terrible __37__ came when he had to land. Following __38__, the man guided the plane to ward the airfield. It shook violently __39__ it touched the ground and then moved rapidly __40__ the runway and after a long run it stopped safely.21. A) although B) while C) therefore D) then22. A) shifted B) thrown C) put D) moved23. A) showed B) presented C) exposed D) appeared24. A) well B) still C) calm D) quiet25. A) inquired B) insured C) informed D) instructed26. A) fallen B) failed C) faded D) fainted27. A) best B) least C) length D) first28. A) hesitation B) surprise C) doubt D) delay29. A) back B) aside C) about D) off30. A) patient B) anxious C) urgent D) nervous31. A) beneath B) under C) down D) below32. A) to B) by C) near D) on33. A) horror B) trust C) pleasure D) relief34. A) surround B) circle C) observe D) view35. A) intimate B) familiar C) understood D) close36. A) Then B) Therefore C) But D) Moreover37. A) moment B) movement C) idea D) affair38. A) impression B) information C) inspections D) instructions39. A) as B) unless C) while D) so40. A) around B) over C) along D) abovePart III Reading Comprehension (40points, 2points each)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet.Passage OneAs supplier of most of the food we eat and of raw materials for many industrial processes, agriculture is clearly an important area of the economy. But the industrial performance of agriculture (the relative efficiency of agricultural production compared to other areas in the economy) is even more important than this. For in nations where the productivity of farmers is low, most of the working population is needed to raise food and few people are available for the production of investment goods or for other activities required for economic growth. Indeed, one of the factors related most closely to the per capita income (人均收入) of a nation is the fraction of its population engaged in farming. In the poorest nations of the world more than half of thepopulation lives on farms. This compares sharply with less than 10 percent in Western Europe and less than 4 percent in the United States.In short, the course of economic development in general depends in a fundamental way on the performance of farmers. This performance, in turn, depends on how agriculture is organized and on the economic environment, or market structure, within which it functions. In the following pages the performance of American agriculture is examined. It is appropriate to begin with a consideration of its market structure.41. This passage is most probably ________.A) a news itemB) part of an introduction to a bookC) part of a lectureD) an advertisement42. What is the most important to agriculture is ________.A) the amount of food it producesB) the per capita income of farmersC) its industrial performanceD) the production of investment goods43. The underlined word “this” in the first paragraph refers to ________.A) the provision of food and raw materialsB) the productivity of farmersC) the production of investment goodsD) the economy as a whole44. The performance of farmers essentially determines ________.A) the size of the working populationB) the organization of agricultureC) the market structureD) the general development of economy45. This passage will most probably be followed by a discussion of ________.A) the structure of American farming populationB) the market structure of American agricultureC) the various functions of American agricultureD) the organization of American agriculturePassage TwoFaces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people. Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child-or even an animal, such as a pigeon-can learn to recognize faces, we all take this ability for granted.We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone’s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.Like the human face, human personality is very comple x. But describing someone’s personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe what a “nice face” looked like, you probably would have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe a “nice person”, you might begin to think about someone who was kind considerate, friendly, warm, and so forth.There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon Allport, an American psychologist, found nearly 18,000 English words characterizin g differences in people’s behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing, or typing, his personality. Bookworms, conservatives, military types-people are described with such terms.People have always tried to “type” each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villain’s (坏人) or the hero’s role. In fact, the words“person” and “personality” come from the Latin persona, meaning “mask”. Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell the “good guys” from the “bad guys” because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.46. By using the example of finger prints, the author tells us that ________.A) people can learn to recognize facesB) people have different personalitiesC) people have difficulty in describing the features of finger printsD) people differ from each other in facial features47. According to this passage, some animals have the gift of ________.A) telling people apart by how they behaveB) typing each otherC) telling good people from had peopleD) recognizing human faces48. Who most probably knows best how to describe people’s personality?A) The ancient Greek audienceB) The movie actorsC) PsychologistsD) The modern TV audience49. According to the passage, it is possible for us tell one type of person from another because________.A) people differ in their behavioral and physical characteristicsB) human fingerprints provide unique informationC) people’s behavior can be easily described in wordsD) human faces have complex features50. Which of the following is the major point of the passage?A) Why it is ne cessary to identify people’s personalityB) Why it is possible to describe peopleC) How to get to know peopleD) How best to recognize peoplePassage ThreeIn bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition of each new skill-the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child: This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Patents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are severe over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child’s own happiness.As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality. Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept”. If they ar e not sincere and do not practice what they preach, their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents’ principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.51. Eagerly watching the child’s acquisition of new skills ________.A) should be avoidedB) is universal among parentsC) sets up dangerous states of worry in the childD) will make him lose interest in learning new things52. In the process of children’s learning new skills parents ________.A) should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they readB) should not expect too much of themC) should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their ownD) should create as many learning opportunities as possible53. The second paragraph mainly tells us that ________.A) parents should be strict with their childrenB) parental controls reflect only the needs of the parents and the values of the communityC) parental restrictions vary, and are not always enforced for the benefit of the children aloneD) parents vary in their strictness towards their children according to the situation54. The word “precept” (Line 4, Para. 3) probably means “________”.A) ideaB) punishmentC) behaviorD) instruction55. In moral matters, parents should ________.A) observe the rules themselvesB) be aware of the marked difference between adults and childrenC) forbid things which have no foundation in moralityD) consistently ensure the security of their childrenPassage FourThe worst thing about television and radio is that they entertain us, saving us the trouble of entertaining ourselves.A hundred years ago, before all these devices were invented, if a person wanted to entertain himself with a song or a piece of music, he would have to do the singing himself or pick up a violin and play it. Now, all he has to do is turn on the radio or TV. As a result, singing and music have declined.Italians used to sing all the time. Now, they only do it in Hollywood movies. Indian movies are mostly a series of songs and dances wrapped around silly stories. As a result, they don't do much singing in Indian villages anymore. Indeed, ever since radio first came to life, there has been a terrible decline in amateur singing throughout the world.There are two reasons for this sad decline: One, human beings are astonishingly lazy. Put a lift in a building, and people would rather take it than climb even two flights of steps. Similarly, invent a machine that sings, and people would rather let the machine sing than sing themselves. The other reason is people are easily embarrassed. When there is a famous, talented musician readily available by pushing a button, which amateur violinist or pianist would want to try to entertain family or friends by himself?These earnest reflections came to me recently when two CDs arrived in the mail: They are historic recordings of famous writers reading their own works. It was thrilling to hear the voices from a long dead past in the late 19th century. But today, reading out loud anything is no longer common. Today, we sing songs to our children until they are about two, we read simple books to them till they are about five, and once they have learnt to read themselves, we become deaf. We're alive only to the sound of the TV and the stereo.I count myself extremely lucky to have been born before TV became so common. I was about six before TV appeared. To keep us entertained, my mother had to do a good deal of singing and tell us endless tales. It was the same in many other homes. People spoke a language; they sang it, they recited it; it was something they could feel.Professional actors' performance is extraordinarily revealing. But I still prefer my ownreading. Because it's mine. For the same reason, people find karaoke liberating. It is almost the only electronic thing that gives them back their own voice. Even if their voices are hoarse and hopelessly out of tune. At least it is meaningful self-entertainment.56. The main idea of this passage is that .A) TV and radio can amuse us with beautiful songs and musicB) TV and radio have weakened our interest in entertaining ourselvesC) people should not be too lazy or embarrassed to singD) parents should sing songs and read books aloud to their children57. According to the passage, Italians .A) only sing songs in HollywoodB) are no longer fond of musicC) only sing and dance in villagesD) don't sing much nowadays58. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for the decline in amateur singing?A) It is easier for people to please themselves with songs through TV.B) People don't want to take the trouble to sing songs themselves.C) Amateurs feel shy if they cannot sing as well as the professionals.D) Famous and talented musicians are always willing to entertain people.59. On hearing the voices of the famous writers of a long time past, the author was .A) very excitedB) very frightenedC) very nervousD) very surprised60. The author's attitude toward karaoke is .A) negativeB) positiveC) neutralD) indifferentPart IV Translation (20 points)Section A (10 points)Directions: Put the following paragraph into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on the Answer Sheet.To learn the knowledge accumulated by predecessors is to attempt to make breakthroughs in it and find new things. It is not by several generations, or even, tens of generations, that the exploration of all natural mysteries can be accomplished. If one takes pride in merely having acquired predecessor’s knowledge, refusing to make further progress by confining himself to t he old ideas and concepts, then, for him, this knowledge learning and accumulation is of no avail. Neither does it accord with the spirit of science. So the most important thing in scientific research is making inventions.Section B (10 points)Directions: Put the following paragraph into English. Write your English version in the proper space on the Answer Sheet.中国学生在英语上花的时间比其他学科多得多，原因是英语需要泛读、机械记忆和经常复习。