北京航空航天大学毕业设计(论文)单位代码学号分类号密级毕业设计(论文)论文题目学习中心名称专业名称学生姓名指导教师年月日北京航空航天大学毕业设计(论文)装配式建筑特点及应用展望北京航空航天大学北京航空航天大学毕业设计(论文)独创性声明我在此郑重申明,本人所提交的毕业设计(论文),是在导师指导下由本人独立完成的研究成果,对文中所引用他人的成果,均已进行了明确标注或得到许可。
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学生签名:时间:年月日北京航空航天大学毕业设计(论文)北京航空航天大学毕业设计(论文)1第 1 页装配式建筑特点及应用展望摘 要装配式建筑是指用预制的构件在工地装配而成的建筑。
随着现代工业技术的发展,建造房屋可以像机器生产那样,成批成套地制造。
只要把预制好的房屋构件,运到工地装配起来就成了。
这种建筑的优点是建造速度快,受气候条件制约小,节约劳动力并可提高建筑质量。
装配式建筑按结构形式和施工方法一般分为五种:砌块建筑、板材建筑、盒式建筑、骨架板材建筑、升板和升层建筑。
特点:1. 大量的建筑部品由车间生产加工完成,构件种类主要有:外墙板,内墙板,叠合板,阳台,空调板,楼梯,预制梁,预制柱等。
2. 现场大量的装配作业,而原始现浇作业大大减少。
3. 采用建筑、装修一体化设计、施工,理想状态是装修可随主体施工同步进行。
4. 设计的标准化和管理的信息化,构件越标准,生产效率越高,相应的构件成本就会下降,配合工厂的数字化管理,整个装配式建筑的性价比会越来越高。
5. 符合绿色建筑的要求。
缺点:要求放线准确,标高测量精确、对预留孔洞位置精度要求较高、预制构件尺寸也存在一定误差,拼装时缝隙有时过大或不均匀、外挂板无止水橡胶条。
部份门框处未预埋木砖,高空作业无外架,存在一定的安全隐患。
配式建筑在设计过程中,精确建筑构件,保证了建筑具备良好的抗震性能及防腐性能。
工厂流水线上生产出大量的建筑部品,在作业现场只是进行装配,大量减少了施工过程中造成的环境污染。
设计的标准化和管理的信息化,提高了生产效率,构件成本降低,配合数字化管理,装配式建筑性价比极高。
对装配式建筑的的优劣进行了分析后,可见其是瑕不掩瑜,装配式建筑能够获得发展是必然的结果。
北京航空航天大学毕业设计(论文)2第 2 页关键词:装配,建筑,放线,信息化北京航空航天大学毕业设计(论文)3第 3 页Prefabricated construction features and application prospectsAbstractPrefabricated construction refers to the use of prefabricated components are assembled in site construction. With the development of modern industrial technology, can build a house like machines, batch of complete sets of manufacturing. As long as the prefabricated building components, the site is assembled.The advantage of this architecture is to build speed, small controlled by climatic conditions, saving labor and to improve the quality of construction. Prefabricated construction according to the structure and construction methods generally fall into five categories:Block building, plank, cassette, skeleton, sheet, plate and litres layer buildings. Features:1. A large number of construction parts are done by the workshop production and processing, component types mainly include: cladding, wallboard, composite board, balcony, air conditioning board, stairs, precast beams and precast column, etc.2. The field of assembly operations, and the original cast-in-situ operation greatly reduced.3. The integration of construction, decoration design, construction, ideally decoration can be synchronized with the main body construction.4. The standardization of design and management of information, the standard components, the production efficiency is higher, the corresponding component costs will fall, cooperate with the digital management of the factory, the prefabricated construction will be more and more high cost performance.5. In line with the requirements of green building. Disadvantages:Accurately pay-off, elevation measurement precision, higher requirements on the reserved hole position accuracy, prefabricated dimension also exist certain error,北京航空航天大学毕业设计(论文)4第 4 页when assembling gap is too big or sometimes uneven, outside hangs Taiwan without water sealing rubber strip. Part of the frame in embedded wooden brick, aerial work without outside the frame, there is a potential safety hazard.Match style buildings in the process of design, precise construction, to ensure the building have good seismic performance and the anti-corrosion performance. Factory assembly line to produce a large number of construction department, assembly at the scene of the homework is, a substantial reduction in the construction process of the environmental pollution. The standardization of design and management of information, improve the production efficiency, component cost reduction, cooperate with digital management, prefabricated building high performance-price ratio.Analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of prefabricated construction, it is visible in spite of his flaws, prefabricated construction development is the inevitable result is obtained.Key words: Assembly, Construction, The pay-off, Information北京航空航天大学毕业设计(论文)5第 5 页目 录1 绪论 .................................................................................................................................. 7 2 装配式建筑按结构形式和施工方法分类及特性分析 . (8)2.1 砌块建筑 ................................................................................................................ 8 2.2 砌块建筑 ................................................................................................................ 8 2.3 盒式建筑 ................................................................................................................ 12 2.4 骨架板材建筑 ........................................................................................................ 13 2.5 升板和升层建筑 .................................................................................................... 14 2.6 特点 (15)2.6.1 大量的建筑部品由车间生产加工完成,构件种类主要有:外墙板,内墙板,叠合板,阳台,空调板,楼梯,预制梁,预制柱等 ................................ 15 2.6.2 现场大量的装配作业,而原始现浇作业大大减少 ................................ 15 2.6.3 采用建筑、装修一体化设计、施工,理想状态是装修可随主体施工同步进行 ........................................................................................................................ 15 2.6.4 设计的标准化和管理的信息化,构件越标准,生产效率越高,相应的构件成本就会下降,配合工厂的数字化管理,整个装配式建筑的性价比会越来越高 ............................................................................................................................ 15 2.6.5 符合绿色建筑的要求 .. (15)3 装配式建筑的优缺点 (16)3.1 节能 ...................................................................................................................... 16 3.2 环保 ...................................................................................................................... 16 3.3 节省模板 .............................................................................................................. 16 3.4 缩短工期 .............................................................................................................. 16 3.5 要求放线准确,标高测量精确 .......................................................................... 16 3.6 对预留孔洞位置精度要求较高 .......................................................................... 16 3.7 板底缝隙成八字形,勾缝后可能易脱落 ........................................................ 16 3.8 预制构件尺寸也存在一定误差,拼装时缝隙有时过大或不均匀 .................. 16 3.9 外挂板无止水橡胶条 (17)北京航空航天大学毕业设计(论文)6第 6 页3.10 部份门框处未预埋木砖 .................................................................................... 17 3.11 外墙板缝处理采用耐候胶,老化后更换不方便 ............................................ 17 3.12 装配式建筑的工程造价与传统式建筑工程造价相比,要高很多 ................ 17 3.13 造价管理部门编制定额不能跟进,造成生产厂家一家独大,价格由生产厂家说了算的境况 ............................................................................................................... 17 3.14 外挂板作为剪力墙的外模,有时预留对拉螺杆孔洞过少,会造成在浇筑混凝土时,外挂板外移的现象 ........................................................................................... 17 3.15 高空作业无外架,存在一定的安全隐患 ........................................................ 18 4 装配式建筑中模具重要性 .. (19)4.1 模具重要性 (19)4.1.1 成本 ............................................................................................................ 19 4.1.2 效率 ............................................................................................................ 19 4.1.3 质量 ............................................................................................................ 19 4.2 模具设计理念 (20)4.2.1 使用寿命 .................................................................................................... 20 4.2.2 通用性 ........................................................................................................ 20 4.2.3 方便生产 .................................................................................................... 20 4.2.4 方便运输 .................................................................................................... 20 4.2.5 三维软件设计 .. (21)5 装配式建筑作为一种绿色建造技术的发展和趋势 ...................................................... 22 6 典型装配式木屋安装案例欣赏 .................................................................................... 24 结 论 .............................................................................................................................. 32 致 谢 .............................................................................................................................. 34 参考文献 (37)1 绪论装配式建筑是指用预制的构件在工地装配而成的建筑。