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1.-初中英语八大时态总结

初中英语八大时态知识梳理 一、一般现在时: 基本结构:①动词原形 ②主语三单:动词原形+s/es 三种常考基本用法: 1.经常性和习惯性动作: I always get up early. 2.客观事实和普遍真理: The earth goes around the sun. 3.在时间状语从句及条件状语从句中,一般现在表将来: If it doesn't rain, we will have a picnic. I’ll call you when I arrive at the airport. 该用法遵循"主将从现"的原则。 常见时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, on Sundays, at weekends, once a week, twice a month, etc.

二、一般过去时: 基本结构:动词的过去式 基本用法: 1、过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态 e.g. I got up late yesterday. 2、过去习惯性、经常性的动作 Eg. When I was in the countryside, I often swam in the river. 常见时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week (year, night, month…), in 1986, just now, at the age of 10, at that time, once upon a time, etc.

三、一般将来时: 基本结构:①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do. 基本用法: am/is/are/going to + do 1、(人)计划打算做某事 Eg. I'm going to go shopping with my mom tomorrow. 2、(事)即将发生 Eg. Look at the clouds, it's going to rain. will/shall do 1、将来的动作和状态(相对较长远) Eg. You'll have your own house in the future. 2、礼貌询问、客气邀请 Eg. Will you go with me? 3、意愿 Eg. I will do it for you. 常见时间状语:tomorrow, next day (week, month, year…), soon, the day after tomorrow, in+时间段(格外注意),etc.

四、现在进行时: 基本结构:am/is/are+现在分词 基本用法:1、此时此刻正在进行的动作 Eg. I am writing a letter now. 2、现阶段正在进行的动作 Eg. I am reading a book these days. 常见时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc. 五、过去进行时: 基本结构:was/were+现在分词 基本用法:1、过去某时刻正在进行的动作 Eg. He was playing computer games when his father came home. 2、过去某时段正在进行的动作 Eg. He was doing his homework while his mother was cooking. 常见时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

六、过去将来时: 基本结构:①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do. 基本用法:从过去时间点看将来,常用于宾语从句中。 Eg. He said that he would marry her. 常见时间状语:the next day (morning, year…), the following month (week…), etc.

七、现在完成时: 基本结构:have/has + 过去分词 基本用法: 1. 过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 (已经完成的动作,但动作造成的影响还在),常被just,already,yet 等副词修饰。

如:He has already gone to Tianjin.( 对现在造成的影响是他已经不在这儿了)。

2. 现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在,常带有for或since等表示一段时间的状语。如:Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.

3. 表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,我们常用"过"来表示,常带有twice, once, ever, never等时间状语。如:I've never seen that film.

常见时间状语:recently, lately, so far, up to now, since+时间点,for+时间段, in the past few years, etc.

八、过去完成时: 基本结构:had + 过去分词 基本用法:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,即"过去的过去"。

Eg. Just before the English class, I suddenly realized that I had left my English textbook at home.

常见时间状语:before, after, by the end of last year(month…),etc.

时态区分 一般过去式和现在完成时:

一般过去式只是表示事情发生在过去,陈述一个事实,它可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语如:last night, in 1999, three days ago等连用。而现在完成时表示某一完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况,所以它不能和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用。

如: We have seen that film. 我们已看过那部电影。 对现在造成的影响是我们对影片已有所了解。 We saw the film last night. 昨天晚上我们看了那部电影。只说明昨天晚上看电影这一事实。

注意:有些时间状语,如this morning,tonight, this month 等,既可用于一般过去时,又可用于现在完成时,但所表达的意义有所不同。用于现在完成时表示包括现在在内,而用于一般过去式则与现在无关。如: I have read this book this April.(说话时仍然为四月。) I read this book this April. (说话时四月份已过。)

一般过去式和过去完成时的比较: 一般过去式表示过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态,而过去完成时在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或状态,即"过去的过去"。当强调过去某一动作发生在某一动作之前时,常用此时态。

如: He had finished his homework before nine o'clock. 九点之前他已经完成了作业。实际上,一般现在时和过去完成时常搭配使用。如: When he got home, his daughter had already gone to bed. 当他到家的时候,他的女儿早已去睡觉了。 在带有after和before引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,由于从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,所以可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 如:He called on me soon after he had finished his homework. 他做完作业后不久便来拜访我。也可以说: He called on me soon after he finished his homework.

对于初接触现在完成时的人来说,往往会产生一种茫然,因为它似乎与一般过去时相似。那就是,这两种时态描述的动作都始于过去。其实不然,现在完成时主要表示,发生在过去的动作延续到现在刚刚完成、或许还要延续;侧重于这个动作对现在带来的结果、产生的影响、积累的总和等等。而一般过去时则只不过是表示动作发生在过去的什么时候。弄清了这一区别,就很容易理解现在完成时了。它主要适用于下面的几种情况:

1)表示截止现在业已完成的动作 By now, I have collected all the data that I need 。到现在为止,我已收集到了我所需的全部资料。

She has read 150 pages today 。她今天已看了150页。 We haven't met for many years 。我们已多年没见了。 They have developed a new product 。他们研制成功了一种新产品。 2)表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作 Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚饭了吗? She has been to the United States. 她已去美国了。 You have grown much taller。你长高了许多。 3)表示过去发生的动作持续到现在,并可能还要延续 It has been five years since he joined the army 。他参军五年了。 They have learned English for eight years 。他们已学了八年的英语了。 So far we've only discussed the first five chapters。至今我们还只讨论了前五章。

几点注意 1)一个句子应该用什么时态只能取决于它需要表达的意思,以及它所处的语言环境。例如:

He speaks English 。(一般现在时,说明动作发生的经常性。)

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