八年级下册知识要点Unit 1 What’s the matter一、重点词组1. 感冒have/catch/get a cold= have the flu2. 胃痛have a stomachache3. 发烧have a fever4. 头痛have a headache5. 躺下(休息)lie down (and rest)6. 量体温take one’s temperature7. 下车get off 上车get on8. 使…惊奇的是to one’s surprise9. 立刻，马上right away= at once 10. 陷入，参与get into11. 冒险take risks(take a risk) 12. 习惯于做某事be/ get used to doing sth.13. 用完，耗尽run out of= use up 14. 切除cut off15. 作出决定make decisions(make a decision) 16. 离开，从…出来get out of 17. 掌控，掌管be in control of 18. 放弃give up19. 休息take/ have brakes(take/ have a brake) =take/have rests(take/have a rest)20. 拍片get/ take an X-ray 21. 幸亏，由于thanks to22. 及时in time 23. 摔倒，跌倒fall down24. 登山mountain climbing(n.词组) climb the mountain(v.词组)二、词形转换1. head (n)头----(n)headache头疼2. stomach (n)胃,肚子----(n)stomachache胃疼3. tooth (n)牙齿----(n)toothache牙疼4. she她---(反身代词)herself她自己5. we 我们----(反身代词)ourselves6. climb (v)爬----(n)climber登山者7. knife (n)小刀-----(pl.)knives 8. foot (n)脚，足----(pl)feet9. decide (v)决定----(n)decision决定10. mean (v)意思是,打算----(n)meaning 11. die (v)死----(n)death 死亡12. important (adj)重要的----(n)importance重要性三、同义词、固定搭配1. What’s the matter with… = What’s the trouble/ problem with … = What’s wrong with …怎么啦2. run out of = use up 用完，用尽3. have problems doing sth = have trouble doing sth 做某事有困难4. be used to doing sth = get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事5. give up doing sth 放弃做某事6. mind doing sth 介意做某事7. without doing sth 没有做某事8. hurt oneself 伤着自己9. cut oneself 划（割）伤自己10. think about/ of oneself 为自己考虑（着想）11. by oneself 单独、独自tea with honey 放蜂蜜的热茶13. agree to do sth. 同意做某事14. be ready to do sth 准备做某事15. see / hear sb doing sth 看到（听到）某人正在做某事（表示动作正在进行）see/ hear sb do sth 看到（听到）某人做某事（表示动作全过程）On my way to school, I saw a child crying in the street.Unit 2 I will help to clean up the city parks.一、重点词组1. 打扫、清除clean up= clean out2. 使变得更高兴cheer up= make sb. happier3. 分发give out=hand out4. 想出、提出come up with=think up/ of5. 推迟put of (doing sth.)6. 打电话给call up= ring up7. 照顾、关爱care for= look after= take care of 8. 曾经，过去常常used to do sth.9. 修理fix up=repair=mend 10. 参加…选拔try out11. 赠送、捐赠give away 12.（外貌、行为）像take after13. 建立、设立set up 14. 残疾人disabled people15. 无家可归的人homeless people 16. 影响、有作用make a difference to sb. sth.17. 食品库food bank 18. 清洁日Clean-Up Day19. 养老院the old people’s home 20. 兽医animal doctor21. 理想的工作dream job(可数) 22. 满足感feeling of satisfaction23. 与……相似be similar to 24. 改变某人的生活change one’s life二、词形转换1. feel (v) ---- (n)feeling感觉，感触2. satisfy (v)----(n)satisfaction满足，满意3. own (v)----(n)owner物主，所有者4. break(v)---(adj)broken破损的5. able(adj) ---(adj)disabled丧失能力的6. difficult (adj)--(n)difficulty困难，难题7. train (v)-----(n)training训练，培训8. excite (v) ----(adj)excited/exciting9. kind (adj)----(n)kindness仁慈，善良10. understand (v) ----(过去式)understood三、同义词、固定搭配1. clean out = clean up打扫；清除2. come up with = think up / of想出，提出3. give out = hand out分发；散发4. give away = give … to 赠送；捐赠5. difficulty = trouble / problem困难，难题6. clever = smart聪明的7. fix up = repair / mend修理；修补8. cheer sb up = make sb happier9. put off doing sth 推迟做某事10. learn to do sth 学会做某事11. stop doing sth 停止做某事stop to do sth 停下来做某事12. volunteer to do sth志愿做某事13. a good way to do sth 一个做某事的好方法14. be worried about doing sth 为做某事而担心12. a friend of mine 我的一个朋友 a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一个朋友13. be able to do sth 能做某事be unable to do sth 不能做某事14. alone 与lonely的区别alone (adj./adv.)=by oneself :“独自的（地），单独的（地）”.(be alone)lonely (adj.) :“孤独的,寂寞的”(feel lonely)15. a little , little; a few, few的用法1）few, a few 后接复数名词；little, a little后接不可数名词May I ask you a few questions I can speak a little English.2) a few (一些，少数几个)，a little (一点儿)表示肯定：few, little (几乎没有)表示否定。

The math problem is so difficult that few students can work it out.There is little milk in the fridge. Please go and buy some.Unit 3 Could you please clean your room一、重点词组1. 扫地sweep the floor2. 倒垃圾take out the rubbish=throw rubbish/ trash3. 频繁；一直all the time4. 一……就as soon as(用法同if)5. 做家务do chores6. 为了in order to7. 依靠depend on 8. 照顾take care of= look after= care for= keep an eye on…9.客厅living room 10. 搭便车get a ride11. 给某人搭便车give sb. a ride 12.给与帮助help (out) with13. 扔下throw down 14. 随时，马上any minute now15. 过来come over 16. 解决问题solve the problem17. 惊奇地in surprise 18. 遛狗take the dog for a walk19.没问题no problem 20. 浪费时间waste of time21. 其结果as a result 22. 生病be ill= fall ill23. 从事、忙于work on 24. 一些喝的东西something to drink二、词形转换(adj.)合理的；公正的---- (n)fairness公正性；合理性2. fair (adj.)----(反义词)unfair不合理的(v)----(过去式)swept4. throw(v)---(过去式)threw---(过去分词)thrown5. lend(v) ----(过去式)lent---(过去分词)lent6. lie(v----(过去式)lay---(过去分词)lain---（现在分词)lying三、同义词、固定搭配care of = look after 照看、照顾 2. hate = dislike憎恨、不喜欢3. borrow … from 向……借（借入）4. lend … to把……借给（借出）5. provide sb with sth 提供某人某物= provide sth for sb 为某人提供某物6. in order to do sth7. depend on oneself 依靠自己Would/ Can you please + 动词原形：表示礼貌的请求，“你可以……吗”肯定回答：Yes, sure. / Of course. / Certainly. / No problem. / All right./ Yes, I’d love to. / Yes, I can.否定回答：Sorry, I can’t. I have to…/ I’d love to, but…---Could you please clean your room ---Yes, sure. / I’m sorry, I can’t.9. Could / Can / May I + 动词原形：表示请求许可，“我可以……吗”肯定回答：Yes, sure. / Of course./ Certainly./ No problem. / Yes, you can.否定回答：Sorry, you can’t./ No, you can’t.---Could I use your pen---Certainly. Here you are. / Sorry, you can’t. I’m using it now.10. There is no need for sb to do sth. 没必要做某事11. do (take) part in doing sth 参加（参与）做某事’s one’s job (duty) to do sth. 做某事是某人的职责13. the +比较级，the +比较级：表示“越......越”The earlier…, the better…比较级+and +比较级：表示“越来越……”It’s becoming hotter and hotter.Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents一、重点词组1. 浏览look through2. 重要的事big deal3.和睦相处get on/ along with4. 与……相处融洽get on/ along well with5. 成功发展；算出work out6. 与……争吵argue/ fight with…7. 与……交流communicate with 8.家庭成员family member9.依……看来in one’s opinion 10. 与……竞争compete with sb.11. 与……比较compare…with…12.哥哥elder brother13. 删除cut out= delete 14. 乌云black cloud15. 足够的睡眠enough sleep 16. 空闲时间free time (to do sth.) 17. 球赛ball game 18.讲电话talk on the phone19. 以便so that 20. 不再not…anymore21. 互相each other 22.课外活动after-school activities23. 篮球训练basketball training 24. 太多的压力too/ so much pressure二、词形转换(n) ---- (adj)cloudy多云的 2. old (adj)----(adj)elder年长的(pron.)----(pron.)whatever= no matter what任何；每一4. communicate(v)---(n)communication交流；沟通5. press(v) ----(n)pressure压力6. develop(v)----(n)development发展；发育三、同义词、固定搭配1. What’s wrong= What’s the matter2. nervous = worried焦虑的、担忧的3. offer = give 提供，自愿给予4. proper = right 正确的、恰当的5. communicate with = talk with 和……交流（交谈）6. have a fight with = fight with = get into a fight = argue with 和……吵架7. perhaps = maybe也许、可能8. return=give back (归还)/ come back (回来) 9. allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事10. offer to do sth 主动提出做某事11. continue doing / to do sth 继续做某事= go on doing / to do sth12. refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事13. be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事14. not … until 直到……才15. spend …on / doing sth 做某事花费……16. Why don’t you +动词原形= Why not +动词原形表示提建议。