一、不定式和动名词：1、省略了to的不定式：（助动词后面加动词原形）have sb. do sth. let sb.do sth. make sb. do sth. help sb. do sth./help sb. with sth. can/may/have to/must do sth. see sb do sth （看见某人做某事，看见全过程，类似的还有：hear sb do sth , watch sb.do sth , find sb. do sth., notice sb. do sth等）2、带to的不定式：want to do sth. want sb. to do sth. ask sb. to do sth. decide to do sth would like to do sth. hope to do sth.like to do sth（一般指一次性的行为）love to do sth. remember to do sth（记得去做某事，此事还未做）stop to do sth（停下来去做某事，此事是即将要做的事）3、带to的不定式可以作后置定语，如：something to eat（吃的东西）4、不定式表目的：如To save class time, our teacher has us do half of the exercises in class and complete the other half for our homework. 为了节约课堂时间，我们的老师要求我们在课堂上做一半练习，剩下的一半在课后作为家庭作业完成。
注意：for也可表目的，但for后面加名词或动名词，如I buy it for you.5、动名词：（介词后面加名词或动名词）have fun doing sth. practice doing sth. enjoy doing sth. what/how about doing sth. be busy doing sth.spend time doing sth. be good at doing sth.(be good at sth.) like doing sth（经常性的行为，习惯爱好）remember doing sth（记得做过某事，此事已经做了）stop doing sth（停止做某事，此事是要停止的）see sb doing sth（看见某人正在做某事，类似的有：hear sb doing sth , watch sb.doing sth , find sb. doing sth., notice sb. doing sth）No talking（与之类似的：No swimming , No smoking等）thanks for doing sth.二、冠词不定冠词：a , an 可数名词前可以加a 或an。
以元音（不是元音字母）开头的名词前加an，以辅音开头的名词前加a 如：a uniform an hour There is a “u” and an “n” in the word.定冠词：the，有指定性的名词前加the，前文出现过再次出现时前面也加the注意：物主代词后面不加冠词（my home）；某些名词前不加冠词（如国家，城市，有名字的街道，三餐，具体的年份和月份等）；球类运动前不加the，而乐器前要加the。
含冠词的短语：on weekends 和on the weekend，take a bus/taxi/walk，take a photo和take photos，go to a movie和go to the movies，havea look，have a walk，have a rest，have a good time，in the neighborhood等。
三、介词（后加名词或动名词，还可组成固定短语。
但注意：home , here , there ，today, tomorrow, yesterday等词除固定短语外前面不加介词；由this, that ,these, those，each, any, every, some, all等用于表示时间概念的名词前往往不加介词。
）1、介词in表示一天中某段时间，指天、年、月、季节、周次等。
如：in the morning表示“在……里面”the window is in the wall , I sit in the chair. He is in the red shirt. The bird is in the tree.表示“排、行、组，前、后”，如：We are in Team One. in front of（在前面）,in the front of （在前部）表示较大的地方，如大城市、国家、洲等，如：He lives in Beijing. arrive in Yueyang表示“包含”如：Beijing is in the north of China. 表示“用材料、语言”如：Can you say it in English? What’s this in English?2、介词on用来表示某一天或星期几，指明具体的某一天。
如：on a rainy day表示一物放在另一物上面，两者紧贴在一起，如：The book is on the table. The apple is on the tree.（树的一部分）在…队里用on，如：on the basketball team 表示“左、右”，如：Li Ping is on my left.用于路名，如：He lives on Nanjing Road. 表示“紧邻”如：Canada lies on the north of the U.S.3、介词at表示特定的时间、节日、年龄等（具体的，小的时间）。
如：at noon , at 6 am表示较小的地方，如家、村、乡村等，如：He lives at a small village. 用于门牌号，如：He lives at No.200, Nanjing Road.4、介词for表示“当作、作为”。
如: I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。
表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。
如:Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。
表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给……”、“对…… (而言)”。
如: Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。
表示时间、距离,意为“计、达”。
如: I usually do the running for an hour in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小时。
表示以具体价格购买。
如：You can take it for 5 yuan each.5、介词under表示“在…下方”（不接触），如：They were seen under the tree.6、介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”，强调从表面穿过。
如：She went across the street to make some purchases.7、介词through着重于“穿越”，强调从一定的空间内穿过。
如：The sunlight was coming in through the window.8、介词to表示向某处移动，如：go to school , get to school9、介词with表示“用工具、某物”如：with a pen 还可表示“和…..一起”He with his parents is watching TV.10、介词by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”如：He prefers traveling by car.11、介词between 表示“在两者之间”如：Don’t sit between the two girls.四、词语1、常见短语a set of 一套lost and found 失物招领in English 用英语first name 名字family/last name 姓氏family tree 家谱Dave’s family/the Daves 大卫一家my family photo/a photo of my family 我的一张全家福take…to…把…带到…去bring …to…把…拿到….来play volleyball/basketball/tennis/chessplay computer games 玩电脑游戏play sports 做运动play the guitar/the piano/the drum on TV 在电视上 a lot 非常 a lot of/lots of（后加名词）许多watch TV 看电视watch the match 观看比赛every day 每天everyday 日常的ice cream 冰淇淋French fries 炸薯条healthy food 健康食品a running star 跑步明星make a list 列个清单have/eat breakfast/lunch/dinner吃早餐/中餐/晚餐have/eat …for breakfast 早餐吃…let’s=let us 让我们…how about/what about …怎么样how much 多少钱what color 什么颜色at a (very)good price 以优惠的价格have a look (at) 看一看date of birth出生日期want (sb.)to do sth. 想要（某人）做某事for sale 待售on sale 降价出售in October 在十月on Octorber tenthhappy birthday 生日快乐two years old 两岁t wo-year-old 两岁的school trip 学校旅行社Art Festival 艺术节speech contest 演讲比赛English party 英语晚会School Day 校庆what kind of 哪种…Beijing Opera 京剧go to a movie/go to the movies/see a movie/go to see a movie 去看电影院go to work 去上班go to school 去上学go home 回家go to the mountains 去爬山go shopping/swimming/skating/hiking/sightseeing 去购物/游泳/滑冰/徒步旅行/观光go to bed 去睡觉be in bed 入睡get up 起床get to school 到学校get home 到家learn/know about 了解Chinese history 中国历史on weekends/on the weekend 在周末speek English 讲英语science teacher科学老师join the art club/the swimming club 加入艺术俱乐部/游泳俱乐部call sb. at….拨…号码找某人what time（具体）什么时候be good with sb. 相某人相处得好be good at sth/doing sth 擅长于某事/做某事brush one’s teeth刷牙 a few of 一点儿a little of 一点儿（加不可数名词）a little 一点儿kind of 有点 a little bit 有点 a kind of 一种all kinds of 各种各样的take a shower 淋浴after breakfast早餐后do one’s homework 做家庭作业help sb. with sth/help sb. do sth. 帮助某人干某事all night整夜in the morning/afternoon evening在上午/下午/晚上at noon/ night 在中午/晚上best wishes(to you)最好的祝愿tell sb. about sth.告诉某人关于某事your favorite subject 你最喜欢的科目have math/music上数学课/音乐课be tired 累after class 下课后after school 放学后Class 3 Grade 2 二年级三班at 6:00 am 在上午6点play with 和…一起玩have volleyball 打排球run around 到处跑pen pal 笔友be from/come from 来自于…live in 住在…. in China 在中国write to sb. 给某人写信post to sb. 寄给某人post office 邮局pay phone 投币式公用电话across from 在…对面next to 靠近in the neighborhood 附近between…and…在…和…之间in front of 在….前面队in the front of 在…前部go straight 直走go/walk down 顺着…走go through 经过turn left/right at 在…向左/右转on the right 在右边have fun/have a good time/enjoy oneself 玩得开心have a good trip 旅途愉快take a walk/bus/taxi 散步/乘巴士/乘出租车take a photo/take photos 拍照the beginning of …的开端keep/be quiet 安静in/during the day 在白天listen to 听look at 看shop assistant 店员bank clerk 银行职员TV station 电视台work with 和…一起工作go out 出去TV show 电视节目study/work hard 努力学习/工作give sb. sth./give sth. to sb.给某人某物get sth. from sb. 从某人那里得到某物not bad 不错work for sb. 为…效力talk to/with sb. 和某人交谈talk about sth. 谈论某事talk on the phone 打电话ask sb. to do sth.ask sb. sth. 问某人某事wait for 等候at school 在学校（学习）in school 在学校read books 看书on vacation 度假thank you for doing sth.谢谢你做某事thanks for 因…..谢谢你lie on the beach 躺在沙滩上play beach volleyballlook cool 看上去酷look like 看起来像pretty good 好极了long curly black hair 卷的黑色的长发medium height中等身高medium build 中等身材the captain of …的队长love to do sth. 喜爱做某事would like sth/to do sth. 想要某物/做某事like doing sth. 喜欢做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事tell jokes讲笑话pop singer 流行歌手what size 什么型号/尺寸beef and tomato noodles 牛肉西红柿面条orange juice 橘子汁green tea 绿茶stay at home 呆在家里all day 整天have a party举行晚会do some reading 阅读practice English 练习英语practice doing sth. 练习做某事talk show脱口秀study fo the test 准备测验last weekend 上周末clean one’s room 打扫房间go for a walk 去散步go on vacation去度假go to summer camp 去参加夏令营have fun doing sth. 做某事玩得高兴in the water 在水中in the corner 在角落walk back to 走回到…decide to do sth. 决定做某事the Great Wall 长城the Palace Museum 故宫Tian’anmen Squarethink of 认为，想到game show 比赛节目soap opera 肥皂剧sports shows 体育节目in fact 事实上in class 在课堂上in the hallways 在走廊里in the dining hall 在餐厅enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事arrive late for class 上课迟到go out 出去on school nights 在有课的晚上too many rules 太多规定make dinner 做晚饭the Children’s Palace 少年宫have to 不得不on one’s way home 在某人回家的路上on one’s way to 在某人去…的路上the way to 去…的路2、常见词的辨析（1）bring和take bring意为“拿来，取来，带来”，常和介词to连用；take意为“拿走，带走”。