考研英语：翻译真题精讲(６）————————————————————————————————作者: ————————————————————————————————日期:ﻩ考研英语:翻译真题精讲(６)一、全真试题Almost all ouｒ maｊor probｌemｓｉnｖolve hｕman behavｉor，ａnｄthey caｎｎｏt bｅsｏｌvｅd by physical ａnd bioloｇicaｌ technｏｌoｇy aｌonｅ. Ｗｈat iｓ needed iｓ a technolｏgy ｏｆ behavior，ｂut ｗe have ｂeen sｌoｗｔo dｅvelop tｈe ｓciｅnce froｍｗhich ｓuｃｈａｔeｃｈnｏloｇy mｉｇht be drawn.６1）Ｏnｅ dｉfｆｉｃｕlｔy ｉｓｔhat ａlmost aｌl of what is caｌｌed behavioｒａl scienｃe ｃoｎtinues to trace ｂehavior to states of mind,fｅelings，traｉｔs ｏf ｃharａcter,ｈumａn naｔｕre，aｎd sｏｏn.Physiｃｓ and b ｉｏlogｙoncｅ folｌoweｄ simiｌar pracｔicｅs anｄ aｄvaｎｃed onｌy whｅｎｔｈey dｉscaｒｄｅd them.62）Ｔｈｅbehaviｏrａｌ sｃienceｓhave bｅen s ｌoｗｔo chaｎge ｐarｔlｙｂecａuｓe ｔhe explanaｔory itｅms oftｅn seeｍ t ｏｂｅdirectly obｓeｒvｅd ａｎd ｐａｒtly becauｓｅ otheｒ kｉnds ｏf expl ａｎations haｖｅ beｅn hard to fiｎd.Tｈe eｎvironment iｓ obviｏｕｓlｙ im ｐortant，buｔ itｓ roｌe has remained ｏbｓcure. Iｔ doｅs not ｐusｈoｒpull,ｉｔｓelects，and tｈｉs fuｎｃtion is difficult tｏ discovｅr aｎd analy ｚｅ.63）Ｔhｅ role oｆｎａｔural selｅｃtｉoｎ iｎ evolutioｎ waｓformulat ｅｄ only a ｌittle ｍoｒe ｔhaｎ a huｎdred years agｏ,and the selｅｃtｉv ｅ rolｅ of ｔhe eｎvirｏnment ｉn ｓｈaｐing ａnd mainｔaining the bｅhaｖiｏｒ of the iｎdｉvｉduａl is onｌy ｂegｉｎninｇto be recognizｅd and ｓｔudied.As the interaｃtｉｏｎ beｔwｅen ｏrganisｍａｎd ｅnｖironment has cｏme to be undersｔood,hｏwevｅr,eｆｆecｔs ｏｎcｅａｓsignｅｄｔo statｅs of ｍi ｎｄ，feelinｇs,and traits aｒe begｉnniｎg ｔo bｅｔｒaceｄ tｏａccessｉbｌe conｄiｔions，anｄ a ｔeｃhnologｙ of ｂｅhavｉor may thereｆorｅ become avai ｌablｅ．It will ｎoｔsolvｅour pｒobleｍs,however,uｎtｉｌ it ｒｅｐlaces ｔraｄitiｏnal prｅscientifｉｃ vieｗs,aｎd ｔheｓe are ｓｔrongly enｔrｅnched. Frｅeｄom and dignitｙｉｌlｕstrate thｅｄifficｕｌｔy.64)Ｔｈeｙａｒe ｔｈｅ poｓseｓｓｉｏns oｆｔhｅａutｏnomｏus（sｅｌf-goverｎｉｎg）ｍan oｆｔra ｄｉtiｏnaｌ theory,ａnd they ａre ｅｓｓential to ｐracｔiｃeｓ in whｉch a person iｓ heｌd ｒｅspoｎｓiblｅfor his coｎｄuct and ｇｉvｅn cｒｅdｉｔｆor his aｃhieveｍｅnts.A scｉｅntｉfic aｎaｌysis shｉｆts ｂoth thｅ respo ｎsibｉlｉtｙ and the achieveｍｅnt to thｅenviroｎｍeｎt. It aｌso ｒaises quｅstｉｏnｓ conｃeｒning “values”. Who will use a teｃhｎolｏｇy and to wｈat eｎdｓ?65)Untｉl thｅse iｓｓueｓ arｅ resｏｌveｄ，a ｔechnolｏgy of beｈａｖior wｉｌl cｏntinuｅｔo bｅreｊected，and ｗith ｉｔｐoｓsibly the only way to solve our proｂｌｅms.二、翻译题解（61）Onｅdｉｆficuｌtyiｓtｈatalｍoｓt all ofwhatiｓcalleｄ beｈａvｉoｒal sciｅnceｃoｎtｉnuｅｓｔｏtraｃｅbehaｖioｒto sｔateｓ of mｉｎd, feeli ｎｇs，ｔraits of chａｒａcteｒ, huｍaｎｎaｔuｒｅ, and so oｎ.句子拆分:拆分点参考：从属连词，谓语动词One ｄifｆiｃulｔy is //ｔhaｔ aｌmost alｌ oｆ what is calｌｅd behaｖiｏrａｌｓｃiｅnｃｅ// cｏnｔinｕeｓｔo ｔrａcｅ behavioｒ to ｓtateｓ of mｉｎｄ, fｅelｉngs, traｉts of chaｒacter, huｍａｎｎaｔuｒe, ａnｄｓo on.解析：（1）主干结构是One ｄｉfｆiｃulｔｙ is tｈａｔ．..（２）alｍost all of what iｓ called bｅhaviorａl sciｅｎｃe是表语从句中的主语部分，后面是简单的谓语和宾语结构。
词的处理:ｃonｔinues to tracｅ beｈavioｒｔo ...继续针对……研究行为behavioral scｉenｃe行为科学states of mind心态,意识状态feelｉnｇｓ感情tｒaitｓｏｆ chaｒacter性格特点技巧点拨:(1)what和ｔhat引导的名词性从句直接翻译均可,无需调整顺序。
(2)减词法:短语states ｏf ｍind（心理状态)、ｔｒaiｔs of character(性格特征）、ｈuman natｕre（人类本性）均可以采用减词法,分别翻译成两个字的形式:“心态”“性格”“人性”，朗朗上口，符合汉语对仗的习惯。
完整译文：难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格(特征)、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。
（62）Tｈe behaｖioraｌｓciencｅshaｖe beenslｏw to ｃｈanｇe ｐartlｙbeca ｕsetｈe explaｎatory itｅｍs oｆtｅnseｅmto bｅdirectｌｙｏbserved ａnd part ｌybecausｅothｅr ｋinds of explanaｔiｏnｓhave beenhａrd to fiｎｄ．句子拆分:拆分点参考：连词Thｅｂehａviｏral sciｅncｅs ｈave bｅｅn sloｗto ｃhanｇe／/partｌｙbecauｓe thｅ eｘｐlaｎaｔory itｅms ofｔen ｓeeｍｔｏｂe diｒeｃtly observed aｎｄ／/ｐartlｙｂecause oｔｈer kinｄs of eｘpｌanatioｎｓ have been haｒd to find．解析:(1）主句是The ｂeｈavioｒal ｓciｅnces hａｖe bｅeｎｓlｏｗ to change。
（2)and连接两个并列的原因状语从句:ｐartly because .．． and partly beｃause .．.。
词的处理:the explａnａtｏry ｉteｍｓ用以解释的要素、依据(内容,项目)otheｒｋｉnds of expｌａnatｉｏnｓ其他解释方式技巧点拨:（1）汉语中习惯前因后果,故原则上本句中的原因状语需要翻译到主句之前；但也有例外,我们可以借助词汇进行处理，用六个字“之所以...．..是因为（原因是)...．..”,这样就不需要对原文大动干戈了。
（2）被动语态to be ｄiｒectly obｓerved（直接被观察到)，可采用省略“被”字的翻译方法，译为“直接观察到”，这在汉语中与“水可以直接喝”类似,都是用主动的词汇表达被动的意思。
(3)两个原因状语从句的主语并列,可以在翻译的时候相互印证借鉴,如explａｎａtoｒｙ itemｓ翻译成“解释依据”对大多数同学来说难度很大,但是与其并列的ｏｔher kinds ｏf expｌanａtioｎs提示考生ｅxplanatory iｔems翻译成explｎationｓ也算正确,因为它们是并列的,意思也应一致。
完整译文:行为科学之所以发展缓慢,部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的,部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。
(63)The role ｏｆｎaｔｕraｌ seｌectｉon in ｅｖｏｌutioｎ／／was form ｕlａｔedonly a ｌittle morｅthaｎａｈｕndred yeａrｓａｇｏ, //anｄthe s ｅlectivｅ role of the ｅｎｖｉronment in ｓhapinｇand maｉntaiｎing thｅ b ｅhａvｉｏr of thｅ indivｉduaｌ//ｉsonｌy begiｎｎｉng tｏ bｅ recognｉｚｅd ａnd studｉｅｄ.句子拆分:拆分点参考:谓语动词,连词The rｏｌe of ｎatuｒal ｓelectioｎｉn evolｕtioｎ//was fｏrmuｌａted onｌy a lｉttle mｏre thａn ａ hundred yeａrs ago, //and tｈe selecｔive role oｆ th ｅ environmeｎt iｎ shaping and mａinｔaｉnｉng the bｅhaｖｉor ｏf the ｉndivi ｄual//is ｏnｌy begｉnning ｔo be rｅcogｎizeｄaｎd ｓtudｉed.解析：（1）本句为并列复合句,是由anｄ连接的两个简单句构成的。