Lesson 2Until 和till 互通, 通常句尾; until 也可放到句首1，prep+表时间的名词直到午夜，直到下午三点, until midnight, three in the afternoon.杭州的茶馆很多，是一个消磨时间和谈生意的好去处，花上几块钱，可以呆一个下午，直到很晚There are many teahouses in Hangzhou// we have many teahouses in Hangzhou.They are ideal/nice/good places to kill time or talk about business. With a few bucks/dollars, you can stay there until /till very late in the afternoon。
咖啡厅是一个放松的好地方，这里你既能享受春日的温暖，又能体会到这个城市中产阶级的生活品调Coffee-bars are ideal places to relax. There you can enjoy the balmy spring day and the luxury of mid-class life.(Luxurious lifestyle 奢侈的，糜烂的生活方式)***我所在的城市被誉为人间天堂.我们城市西部有一个湖，那里有很多的茶馆和饭店。
下午时分，不管天气是晴是雨，我都喜欢坐在其中，听音乐，品龙井茶。
My city is paradise/heaven on Earth. We have a good lake in the west part of the city. There are many good restaurants and coffee bars /tea houses along the lake.Whether on fine afternoons or rainy afternoons, I love to sit in one of them, listening to the nice music and savoring the local Longjing tea. 不论晴天还是雨天，我都会来这里，听音乐或细细的品味我喜爱当地龙井茶2，连词。
等到雨停了Wait until/till the rain stops.（时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来）现在不是好时机，我还是等等，直到价格下来一点再说It’s not a good time now. I shall wait until the price comes down a little bit.没有机会，中国人说你可以等，但是直到海枯石烂，你依然看不到希望There is no opportunity/chance. In Chinese we say you can wait until the sea dries up but still you see no hope他一点都不好看，中文里我们说他长得和死蟹差不多He is not good-looking at all. In Chinese we say he looks like a dead crab.He looks like hell. 长得和鬼一样他想娶他配不上的人，中文里我们说他癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉He wants to marry someone he doesn’t deserve. In Chinese we often say an ugly toad wants to eat swan meat.***His face is the fiercest weapon他的脸是最强悍的武器她是世界上最漂亮的女人，一顾倾城，二顾倾国She is the most beautiful lady in the world. One glance, the city collapses；another glance, the country surrendersFrom heaven to hell 从天堂到地狱Five minutes ago, he was the son of a millionaire. Now, he has no penny to his name. It is like from the heaven to the hell.注意：“直到---才”，仅仅till/until不足以应付，必须not---until .昨天直到十点才上床睡觉。
I didn’t go to bed until/till 10 at night.直到现在我才知道你的心里有另外一个女人I didn’t know there is another woman in your heart until/till now到现在才知道她是这么一个生活作风随便的人I did not know she is such a slut until now.时态的妙处我们一直不知道她现在还活着We did not know she is still alive.比较：I haven’t got it until now我到现在还没有收到.I didn’t get it until now. 我到现在才收到。
ring n, 戒指the ring finger无名指vi铃响The bell/the telephone/the doorbell rings/your mobile rings汽笛、警报嘶吼/呼啸The siren/alarm shrieks.Warnings （言语/行为）---〉告诫离那个花花公子远点，你会受伤的，相信我的告诫Keep away from the play boy/slut, you will only get hurt. Take my warnings /advice/wordsvi 按铃有什么需要就按铃叫服务生if you need anything else, just ring for the attendant. ”如果有紧急情况，老年人可以按铃得到帮助If there is an emergency, the senior citizens may ring for help.***我们的工作/服务应该以人为本We should put human at the center of our workWe should put human at the center of our service.flight attendant空中乘务员> air hostess 空姐Repeat 重复，repeat与again以及return 与back 水火不容没有听清楚excuse me, can you repeat; may I have your pardon; excuse me不要老犯这种错误。
“be careful next time, don’t repeat the same mistakes。
A vicious circle appears and repeats 恶性循环开始，往复.***excuse me VS I am sorry前者表示：借光，让道；请重新说一下；你有种再说一次。
Excuse me, but you are stepping on my foot.Oh, I am so sorry.小子，小心点，你有种，我会让你知道天高地厚的Hey, boy. Watch out. You have got the spine. I will bring you down to earth.后者表示：我错了，请原谅；很遗憾。
I am so sorry, but I can’t help you. I have many problems myself. 我很同情你，但是我也无能为力You will be sorry if you go on like this在这样下去，你会倒霉的。
我今天踩到狗屎了，我吃了一个苍蝇，连狗都不拿正眼看我I stepped on a shit today. I ate a fly. And even the dog did not respect me.The textGet up early on SundaysRise and shine, star 明星，起床了，发光了Rise and roar, tiger 小虎，起床了Dragon, rise and roar/blow some fire 小龙，起床了go to bed,//go to sleep // go and get some sleepGo to bed惩罚//作息习惯=turn inin the countryside, people turn in every early 乡下人们上床都很早Go to sleep 入睡。
Go and get some sleep休息一下，睡一会儿***turn in =hand in 上交Have you handed in/turned in your application 有没有递交申请Stay in bed until lunch time周日我通常赖床到下午很晚I will stay in bed until very late on Sunday afternoons.人们赖在温暖的床上People glue themselves to the warm bed.***Glue 粘贴小孩子很粘母亲The little boy glues （himself）to his mother.男朋友非常粘着她Her boyfriend glues to her.男朋友粘着她,像影子一样。
Her boyfriend follows her everywhere, just like her shadow茕茕孑立，形影相吊she is alone. Her shadow is her only company.linger，不愿意离开/散去，（人/记忆/味道）萦绕She lingered, unwilling to go. 弥留之际，不愿闭眼老人拖了两天才咽气The old man lingered for two days before his last gaspThe heavy fog lingered 大雾不愿散去到处是臭味，且久久不能散去The smell is everywhere and it lingers.The fragrance (自然界的香味) lingers long 香味久久不能散去***stay up熬夜A：Look at your blood –shot eyes, you stayed up yesterday?你眼睛红红的，是不是熬夜了阿。