英语国际音标表(48个)元音(20个)辅音(28个)半元音/j/也/ w/我边音/ǀ/了英语音标及字母组合对照一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词编号a在开音节中[ei] n a me pl a ne J a ne b a by c a ke 1-01在闭音节中[æ] b a g d a d h a t m a p bl a ck b a ck 1-02 e在开音节中[i:] h e th e se m e Chin e se 1-03在闭音节中[e] b e d l e t p e n d e sk y e s e gg 1-04 i在开音节中[ai] b i ke fl y dr i ve t i me n i ce k i te 1-05在闭音节中[i] f i sh b i g dr i nk s i t m i lk sw i m 1-06 o在开音节中[ou] th o se cl o se g o h o e h o me n o1-07在闭音节中[] cl o ck n o t b o x sh o p s o ck 1-08 u在开音节中[ju:] st u dent exc u se d u ty T u esday 1-09在闭音节中[] b u s c u p j u mp m u ch l u nch 1-10在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:J u ne bl u e r u ler s u per 1-11二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词编号a [] Chin a a nother wom a n breakf a st 2-01 [i] or a nge comr a de vill a ge cabb a ge 2-02e [] hundr e d stud e nt op e n week e nd 2-03 [i] chick e n pock e t b e gin childr e n 2-04i []/[i] hol i day beaut i ful fam i ly an i mal 2-05 [ai] exerc i se satell i te 2-06o[] sec o nd t o night someb o dy welc o me 2-07 [u] als o zer o phot o2-08u[] aut u mn diffc u lt 2-09 [ju:] pop u lar congrat u lation Jan u ary 2-101 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:oper a te2 u处在开音节位置,2-11又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:J u ly infl u ence Febr u ary iss u e 2-12在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[]音,也可以读作[i]音。
三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音元音字母读音例词编号a在[w]音后面[] w a nt wh a t w a tch w a sh qu a lity 3-01 a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前[α:] a fter pl a nt gr a ph a sk gr a sp gl a ss f a st f a ther 3-02 i在-nd -ld和gh前[ai] f i nd ch i ld l i ght h i gh 3-03 o在-st -ld前[ou] m o st p o stcard o ld c o ld 3-04 o在m n v th前[] c o me m o nkey l o ve m o ther 3-05四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词编号arar在[w]音后面[α:] c ar f ar m d ar k s har pener 4-01 [:] w ar m qu ar ter tow ar ds 4-02oror在[w]音后面[:] f or ty m or ning sh or t 4-03 [:] w or d w or ker w or se 4-04er ir ur [:] c er tainly b ir d Th ur sday 4-05 辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。
例如:c a rry s o rry h u rry4-06 -r音节在非重读音节中通常读[]音,例如:doll ar teach er mart yr f or get Sat ur day 4-07五、-re 音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词编号are [ε] c are d are h are5-01 ere [i] h ere m ere5-02 ire [ai] f ire h ire w ire5-03 ore [:] m ore sc ore bef ore5-04 ure [ju] p ure c ure5-05 are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[]音,例如:pict ure pleas ure5-06 重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读[r]音。
例如:p ar e nt z er o st or y d ur i ng insp ir i ng5-07 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。
例如:or a nge v er y Am er i can p ar a graph 5-08 六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词编号ai/ay [ei] afr ai d r ai n w ai t d ay pl ay6-01air [ε] air h air ch air p air rep air6-02alal在f m前[] sm al l b al l t al k w al l al l 6-03 [:l] al ways al so s al t al most 6-04 [α:] h al f c al m 6-05au/aw [:] au tumn d au ghter dr aw6-06ea [i:] t ea ch ea sy ch ea p pl ea se 6-07 [e] h ea vy br ea d sw ea ter w ea ther 6-08 [ei] br ea k gr ea t 6-09ear[i] h ear d ear n ear cl ear y ear6-10 [ε] b ear p ear w ear sw ear6-11 [:] ear th l ear n ear ly 6-12ee [i:] j ee p w ee k gr ee n thr ee6-13 eer [i] pion eer d eer b eer6-14ei/ey [ei] ei ght n ei ghbour th ey6-15 [i:] ei ther k ey6-16eu/ew在j l r s后[ju:] n ew f ew n ew spaper 6-17 [u:] fl ew br ew j ew elry 6-18ie/ei[s]音之后[i:] p ie ce f ie ld rec ei ve 6-19 oa [ou] c oa t J oa n b oa t g oa l 6-20oar/oor [:] r oar b oar d d oor fl oor6-21 oi/oy [i] n oi se p oi nt b oy t oi let 6-22oo [u:] br oo m f oo d t oo th sch oo l 6-23 [u] b oo k l oo k c oo k f oo t g oo d 6-24ou/ow [au] fl ow er h ou se c ou nt d ow n 6-25 [ou] kn ow r ow thr ow th ou gh 6-26 [] y ou ng c ou ntry en ou gh 6-27 [u:] gr ou p y ou s ou p 6-28our[:] c our se y our f our6-29 [au] our h our our s 6-30 [:] j our ney 6-31ui在j l r s后[ju:i] fl ui d s ui cide t ui tion 6-32 [u:] j ui ce fr ui t s ui t 6-33七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音元音字组或字群读音例词编号ai/ay ei/ey [i] Sund ay for ei gn monk ey7-01 ow [ou] yell ow sparr ow tomorr ow7-02 元音字组在非重读音节中读[]音或[i]。
例如:neighb our seri ou s fam ou s bisc ui t coff ee7-03 -sion -tion [n] impres sion na tion7-04 -sion在元音字母后[n] vi sion deci sion occa sion7-05 -tion在s后[n] que s tion sugge s tion7-06 -sten [sn] li sten7-07-stle [sl] whi stle7-08-sure [] plea sure mea sure7-09-ture [] pic ture cul ture7-10八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。
例如:everyd ay[ei] handb a g[æ]blackb oar d[:]8-01有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。
其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。
例如:sun太阳+ d ay[ei]日子>Sund ay[i] 星期天holy神圣+ d ay[ei]日子>holid ay[i] 假日break中断+ f a st[α:]斋戒>breakf a st[] 早餐cup茶杯+ b oar d木板[:] >cupb oar d[] 碗柜8-02 辅字组读音例词编号b [b] b ike b us b ag 9-01 [/] bom b tom b 9-02cc在e前或在i/y前[k] c ake pi c ture c oat musi c9-03 [s] fa c e de c ide c inema 9-04ch[] mu ch ch ick ri ch tea ch er 9-05 [k] s ch ool heada ch e ch emistry 9-06 [] ma ch ine Ch icago 9-07-ck [k] co ck po ck et bla ck kno ck9-08 d [d] d octor brea d han d d ay 9-09 -dge [] bri dge fri dge9-10 dr- [dr] chil dr en dr iver dr ink 9-11 f [f] f ive f our break f ast 9-12gg在e i/y前[] ba g g ardon g o 9-13 [] oran g e lar g e G erman 9-14gh [f] cou gh enou gh9-15 [/] li gh t dau gh ter hi gh9-16gu- -guegu在非重读音节中[] gu ess lea gue dialo gue9-17 [w] lan gu age an gu ish 9-18h [h] h ot h ead h ouse h and 9-19 [/] h our h onest 9-20j [] j eep j ar j oke j oin J uly 9-21 k [k] k ind bi k e s k ate ma k e wee k9-22 kn- [n] k nife k now k nock 9-23 l [l] l ife mi l k schoo l tal l9-24 m [m] m onkey co m e autu m n 9-25 -mn [m] autu mn colu mn sole mn9-26nn在[k] [g]音前[n] n ot shi n e te n n ote 9-27 [] u n cle tha n k hu n gry 9-28-ng [] morni ng you ng wro ng9-29 p [p] p a p er p lane p ig shi p p en 9-30 ph [f] ele ph ant ph oto tele ph one 9-31 q [k] Ira q9-32 qu- [kw] qu ality qu ite 9-33 r [r] r ed r ubber r uler 9-34s在词首或清辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前[s] s it s leep de s k 9-35 [z] mu s ic hu s band 9-36sc- [sk] sc arlet 9-37 [s] mu sc le sc ience 9-38sh [] sh e fi sh sh irt wa sh9-39t在通常情况下在弱读字母ia ie io前[t] t en le t ter mee t9-40 [] pa t ient na t ion 9-41tch [] wa tch9-42th在通常情况下在冠词代词介词连词中在词尾-the -ther中[θ] th in th irty me th od 9-43 [] th e th ese wi th th an 9-44 [] clo th e fa th er wea th er 9-45tr- [tr] tr ee tr ain coun tr y tr uck 9-46 v [v] v ery v oice lo v e lea v e 9-47w [w] w eek w in w ake s w eet w ait 9-48 [/] ans w er t w o 9-49wh-wh-在字母o前[w] wh at wh en wh ite wh y 9-50 [h] wh o wh ose wh ole 9-51x在重读元音前[ks] bo x te x t e x ercise 9-52 [gz] e x amle e x ist e x act 9-53wr- [r] wr ite 9-54y- [j] y es y ard y ellow y oung 9-55z [z] puz z le z ero z oo 9-56十、英语语音名词解释1.音节以元音为主体构成的发音单位,一般说来元音发音响亮,可以构成音节,辅音发音不响亮,不能单独构成音节([m] [n] [] [l]例外)。