定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语㈠主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词）She went out in a hurry.（代词）Four plus four is eight.（数词）To see is to believe.（不定式）Smoking is bad for health.（动名词）The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词）What he has said is true.（句子）找出下列句中的主语：1、The sun rises in the east.2、Twenty years is a short time in history.3、The poor are now living in the shelter.4、Seeing is believing.5、To see is to believe.6、He likes dancing.7、What he needs is a book.8、It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.给大家推荐一个英语微信群Empty Your Cup英语微信群是目前学习英语最有效的方法，群里都是说英语，没有半个中文，而且规则非常严格，是一个超级不错的英语学习环境，群里有好多英语超好的超牛逼的人，还有鬼佬和外国美眉。
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）：1.We love China.2.We have finished reading this book.3.He can speak English.4.She seems tired.(三)宾语动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语Show your passport,please.（名词）She didn't say anything.（代词）How many do you want?-I want two.（数词）They sent the injured to hospital.（名词化的形容词）They asked to see my passport.（不定式）I enjoy working with you.（动名词）Did you write down what he said?（句子）宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.He gave me some books.间接直接宾语宾语指出下面句子的间接宾语和直接宾语：please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.找出下列句子的宾语部分：1.We often help him.2.He likes to play basketball.3.We enjoy listening to the music.4.She said that he felt sick.5.They are talking about the new student.（四）连系动词,其后面的成分叫作表语。
The war was over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.I’m not quite myself today.That remains a puzzle.I don’t feel at ease.找出下列句中的表语。
1.I am a teacher.2.They are on the playground.3.My job is teaching English.4.It gets cold.5.It sounds interesting.常见的系动词有be动词,还有get,become,turn,grow等表“变得”的词,和感观动词sound,look,smel,taste,feel等。
(五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句He is a clever boy.（形容词）His father works in a steel work.（名词）There are54students in our class.（数词）Do you known betty’s sister?（名词所有格）He bought some sleeping pills.（动名词）There is a sleeping baby in bed.（现在分词）His spoken language is good.（过去分词）定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。
而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?找出下列句子的定语。
1.The black bike is mine.2.She is a chemistry teacher.3.The man in blue is my brother.4.The girl playing the piano is my younger sister.5.The lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher.（六）状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died,leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.找出下列句中的状语1.We often help him.2.I really don’t like the food.3.He did his homework carefullyat home.4.Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.5.When I grow up,I am going to be a doctor.（七）宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。
这类常用的及物动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.She asked me to lend her a hand.宾语补足语：和宾语构成复合宾语。
宾语和宾补之间存在内在逻辑上的主谓关系。
找出下列句子的宾语补足语：1.They elected John monitor.2.We call him Iron Ox.3.The doctor told me to do moreexercise.4.They made her happy.5.He is going to have his hair cut.6.They saw a bird flying in the sky.（八）同位语位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况We young people should respect the old.（名词）He himself will do the experiment.（代词）He is the oldest among them four.（数词）He told me the news that our team won the game.（从句）句子成分意义充当成分例句主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么事名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子We study inHuangQiaoMiddleSchool.谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样动词或动词词组She is dancingunder the tree.宾语表示动作行为的对象同主语Both of us likeEnglish.表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语Her father is achemist.His wordssoundreasonable.定语用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子We have eightlessons everyday.状语修饰动词，形容副词，介词短语He works very句子成分详解表随堂练习：分析下列句子结构：1）You are a student.2）He felt happy today.3）What you said made me happy.4）Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?5）After he finished his homework,he went away.6）He likes pop music.7）The sound sounds strange.8）The food tastes good.词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等或句子hard.They held a party in Hollywood.宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词短语等Shealways keeps the house clean.9）He gave me a book yesterday.10）We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.Private ConversationLast week I went to the theatre.I had a very good seat.The play was very interesting.I did not enjoy it.A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me.They were talking loudly.I got very angry.I could not hear the actors.I turned round.I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention.In the end,I could not bear it.I turned round again.“I can't hear a word!”I said angrily.“It's none of your business,”the young man said rudely.“This is a private conversation!”。