修辞格讲解（01）1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. The simile usually falls into the pattern: 'A is like B' or such expression 'as', 'as…as' , 'as if' etc. The pattern of a simile usually contains a tenor (本体) and a vehicle (喻体). 1) His temper was as explosive as a volcano2) Playing chess with Ashley is like trying to outsmart a computer.3) Mary frowned and said, “I believe that taking drugs is like (playing with fire).”2) Metaphor：(暗喻;隐喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. A metaphor consists of two main parts: the tenor (本体) and the vehicle (喻体). For example, the world is a stage.3) Understatement: (低调陈述）It is the opposite of overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.4) Metonymy (借代，转喻）It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces). 1) The White House asked the television networks for air time on Monday night.2) The pen is mightier than the sword.* In the last six years we have won twenty-nine international awards. But no one could accuse us of resting on our laurels.5) Irony: (反语）It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.6) Climax: (递进法）It is derived from the Greek word for "ladder" and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity, like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly. Forexample, I came, I saw, I conquered.* Here. There. Everywhere. * One Ticket. One Airline. All of America. ( Delta Airline )* Fly the world via KLM’s super home base. Via Schiphol, the Gateway to Europe. And pick up the bargains on the way. Test us. Try us. Fly us. ( Royal Dutch Airline )7) Anti-climax or bathos: (突降）It is the opposite of Climax. It involves stating one's thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from weighty to light or frivolous. For instance, But thousands die, without or this or that, die, and endow(赋予) a college, or a cat.1) "Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to wecome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its -- oysters." (要了解此句为突降的前提是：Hiroshima在全球人眼中最著名的是原子弹轰炸，而不是oyster. 但这句话的前半部却有步步递进的感觉，然后突然下降，出乎意外地出现了oyster, 而不是atomic bombing)8) Alliteration: (头韵）It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called "front rhyme". For instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free.9) Onomatopoeia: (拟声）It is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive of some action or movement. 2) The Iron Gate was pulled to with a clang. 铁门哗的一声给拉上了。
3) Chariots were rattling and horses were neighing. 车辚辚、马萧萧4) The stream went gurgling on. 溪水哗哗地流。
5) The sound of rustling leaves broke the silence of night. 沙沙的树叶声打破了夜晚的寂静。
10）Repetition （重复）11）Parallelism （排比）Both parallelism and antithesis have parallel structure. But antithesis emphasize on contrasting words or ideas, while parallelism falls on word-to-word parallel structure. It usually extends the previous idea to reinforce its selling points. With its parallel, tidy and compact structure, parallelism reflects a clear image of the goods or company. Sentence of this structure are forceful and energetic, containing the power of confidence. * 20 Years Ago SEIKO started A Quartz Revolution Today We Start A New One. ( SETKO: watch ) * No need to down load. No need to fiddle with cables. * Buy Smart. Fly Free. * Twenty-one years in the cask. Twenty-six dollars the ounce.Alliteration: dull, drilled, docile...for his hearth and homewith its clanking, heel-clicking...Assonance(准押韵）: the use of the same or related, vowel sounds in successive words clanking, heel-clicking,…cowing and tying ...plodding on like crawling locusts, ...smarting from many a British whipping...easier and safer preyRepetition: We have but one aim and one single purposenothing will turn us---nothingWe will never parley, we will never negotiate...This is our policy and this is our declarationas we shall faithfully and steadfastlyParallelism: The past, with its crimes,its follies,and its tragedies...I see,...I see...the return of the bread-winner, of their champion,of their protector We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air Any man or state...Any man or state...Let us...Noun phrases: I had not the slightest doubt where ...With great rapidity and violencePeriodic sentences（圆周句): When I awoke on...invasion of Russia.V. The suffix –logy (-ology) means the science or study of. Add –logy (-ology) to the following words and translate them into Chinese.1)technology 技术2)ecology 生态学3)hydrology 水文学4)phrenology 颅像学5)neurology 神经病学6)pathology 病理学7)physiology生理学8)pharmacology药理学9)gynaecology妇科学l0)oceanology海洋学11)lexicology词汇学12)archaeology考古学13)anthropology人类学14)criminology犯罪学Ⅵ．（标题省略）1)anarchist无政府主义者2)naturalist自然主义者3)biologist生物学家4)psychologist心理学家5)satirist讽刺作家6)encyclopaedist百科全书编纂者7)geologist地质学家8)sociologist社会学家9)zoologist动物学家l0)impressionist印象派艺术家l1)environmentalist环境保护论者12)terrorist恐怖主义分子。