cardiac adj. 心脏的cardiomyopathy n. 心肌病cardiovascular adj. 心血管的cardiology n.心脏病学myocarditis n.心肌炎electrocardiogram n. 心电图人体部位 English Latin (拉丁语) Greek （希腊语）静脉 vein veno- phlebo-胸 chest pecto- thoraco-腹 belly abdomino- ventro-脊柱 backbone spino- spondylo-脑 brain cerebro- encephalo-头 head capito- cephalo-心 heart cordi- cardio-手 hand mano-/manu- cheiro-血管 vessel vaso- angio-1.adren/o: adrenal gland(肾上腺)adrenal -al, pertaining to, 肾上腺的adrenaline -lin/line, substance,肾上腺素adrenalitis -itis, inflammation,肾上腺素的2. –ar: pertaining to 与……有关的vascular vascul/o, blood vessel. 血管的cellular 细胞的Molecular 分子的，由分子组成的3. bi/o: life 生命，生物Biomedical 生物化学的biology -logy, the study of, 生物，生物学bio physical 生物物理学4. chrom/o, chromomat: color 颜色chromosomes -somes, bodies, 染色体chromatin -in, substance, 核染色质5. crin/o: secrete 分泌endocrinology 内分泌学crinogenic gen/o+ic, pertaining to the production, 促分泌的crinology 分泌学6. –cyte: cell 细胞erythrocyte erythr/o, red, 红细胞leukocyte leuk/o, white, 白细胞lymphocyte lymph/o, lymph(淋巴) 淋巴细胞7. cyt/: cell 细胞cytology 细胞学cytochemistry 细胞化学cytobiology 细胞生物学8. embry/o: embryo (胚胎)-embryology 胚胎学embryoma -oma, tumor 胚瘤embryopathology 胚胎病理学pathology, the study of disease, 病理学9.endo-: inner 内部的endocrinology 内分泌学endocardinal 心内膜的endocellular 细胞内的10. hist/o: tissue 组织histology 组织学Histopathology 组织病理学histotherapy 组织疗法hepat/o, liver 肝脏hepatitis, the inflammation of liver 肝炎vs. endo/crino/logygastr/o, stomach 胃enter/o, intestine 肠gastr/o/enter/o/logy 肠胃病学（1）…..炎: the inflammation of …// -itishepatitis肝炎;hepat/o: liver 肝arteritis动脉炎; arter/o: artery 动脉vasculitis血管炎;vascul/o: vas/o: vessel 血管nephritis肾炎; nephr/o: kidney 肾pancreatitis胰腺炎;pancreat/o: pancreas 胰腺ovaritis; oophoritis卵巢炎;pleuritis胸膜炎; pleur/o:pleura 胸膜（2） ..…术…operation of….缝合术:-orraphyaneurysmorraphy (suture) ;动脉瘤缝术aneurysm:动脉瘤切除术: ectomy: removalpharyngectomy咽切除appendectomy: 阑尾切除术append/o: appendic/o: appendix阑尾固定术: -pexy: fixingrectopexy直肠固定术rect/o: rectum 直肌3）方位/时间方面的词缀上： upper//superior; epi-; supra-epithelium上皮组织；下：lower//inferior; infra-; sub-subcutaneous 皮下的； cutane/o: skin前：front//anterior//prior// fore-; ante-; pre-; antero-forehead前额； anteroposterior前后的-precirrhosis前期肝硬化；cirrh/o:orange硬变后：back//posterior// post-; retro-postheptical肝后的； heptic/o: liver;retrocardiac心后的；cardi/o:heart内：inner//internal// in-; endo-; ento-; entro-; intro-;inhale, inhalation吸入endoscopy内窥镜检； -scopy：visual exam外：outer//external//ex-; exo-; ultra-； extra-；extract抽出； exhale呼出excretion排泄物； exocardial心外的间：inter-; between;intermuscular肌肉间的；常见药物词缀：-cillin 青霉素类药物阿莫西林(羟氨苄青霉素) amoxicillin 片剂、胶囊剂氨苄西林钠(氨苄青霉素) ampicillin sodium 注射剂羧苄青霉素钠carbencillin双氯青霉素 dicloxacillinCef-头孢类药物头孢氨苄 cefalexin头孢羟氨苄 cefadroxil头孢克洛 Cefaclor头孢吡肟 Cefepime头孢丙烯 Cefprozil头孢拉定 cephradine1. a-, an- not/without asymptomaticanemia(-emia, blood)amorphous2. ana- apart 分离 anatomyanalysis(-lysis,separation/breakdown)analyst (-yst=ist, specialist)3. angio- vessels 血管 angiogram (-gram, record)angioplasty (-plasty, surgical repair)angitis (-itis, inflammation)4. anti- against反对 antibody (body, substance)antigen (a substance, )5. -ary pertaining to pulmonary (pulm/o, the lungs)urinary (urin/o, urine)6. de- lack of/down/loss deficiencydegenerationdeoxyribonucleic7.dia- complete, cross through diagnosis (gnos/o, knowlege)dialysisdiameter (-meter, instrument of measurement)-8. electr/o electricity 电 electrocardiograph(-graph, an instrument of recording)electromyogram (my/o, muscle;-gram, record)electroencephalogram(encephal/o, brain)9. en- in, within endemic (dem/o, people),encloseengulf10. gnos/o knowledge agnosticPrognosis常见的医学英语词缀（1）…痛… headache, stomachache….the pain of ; ache, -algia; -agra; -dynianeuralgia神经痛;neur/o: nerve（神经）;gastralgia胃痛 ; gastr/o: gaster, stomach(胃)arthralgia关节痛;arthr/o: joint(关节)abdominalgia腹痛; abdomin/o: abdomen（腹部）（2）.与检查有关的词缀镜检：-scopy镜检法; -scope镜；gastroscopy 胃镜法；量具：-meter: instrument for measuring（测量仪）；cardiometer心力计；thermometer 温度计心电图： electrocardiogram =ECG; ( electrocardiograph心电图仪) 脑电图: electroencephalogram=EEGB超:type B ultrasonic CT：computerized tomography计算机x射线断层尿检：urine analysis 血常规：blood routine（3）其他词缀怕，畏惧–phobia: fear；photophobia畏光 , phot/o:light困难 dys-： bad, difficultydysfunction功能障碍; dyspepsia消化不良dyspnea 呼吸困难, -pnea：breathing不良 mal-： badmalnutrition营养不良； malpractice事故malfunction机能障；malignant恶性的；maladministration管理不善好，正， eu-： good；eugenic优生的adj.- eugenics优生学; gen/o: producing（生产）euthanasia安乐死; -thanasia: death（死）瘤，肿块–oma: tumor; cancer; swellinglymphoma淋巴瘤； hematoma血肿血症–emia： blood conditionleukemia白血病； septicemia败血症高：hyper- ：high，above;hyperdynamia: 肌力过度;(dynam/o: power, force: dynamic adj.)hypertension高血压（ high blood pressure）低：hypo-; low; belowhypotonia 张力/压力过低hypotension （low blood pressure）低血压hyposensitive adj. 弱敏的疗法：-therapyradio therapy放疗; radiotherapist(放疗专家)chemotherapy化疗physiotherapy理疗psychotherapy心理疗法therapist治疗师无，没有 a- an-: withoutatypical 非典型性的asexual无性的asymptomatic无症状的anemia贫血anorexia厌食症 orex/o: appetitean esthes ia麻醉(感觉缺失: esthesi/o: feeling, perception )elasticity n.弹性，弹力feeble adj.虚弱的，衰弱的，无力的sag vi.松弛sensory adj.感官的，感觉的，知觉的squeeze v.挤；榨；捏stamina n.精力；耐力，韧劲taut adj.紧的，绷紧的Transitory adj.短暂的，转瞬即逝的wreak vt.施行（暴力）；发（脾气）；报仇wrinkled adj. 有皱纹的前缀意思例子定义的例子olig/o few, scanty oligomenorrhea a scanty menstrual flow (men/o)经量异常pan- all panacea remedy that cures all ills; a cure-all治百病的药super-* above, excess supernumerary in excess number超过数量equi- equal, same equilateral having equal sides等边的，等面的hetero- other, different, heterosexual pertaining to the opposite sex 异性恋的；homo-, same, maintaining a constant body temperature homeo- unchanging homothermic 保持一个恒定的体温; warm blooded恒温的iso- equal, same isograft graft between two genetically identical individuals同基因移植物macro- large, macrocyte extremely large red blood cell大红细胞abnormally largemega-,* large;megalo abnormally large megabladder enlargement of the bladder膀胱扩张micro- small microscopic extremely small; visible onlythrough a microscope显微镜的neo- new neonate a newborn infant新生儿[哺乳物]normo normal normovolemia normal blood volume血量正常ortho straight, correct, orthotic Correcting or prevcnting deformities矫正的uprightpoikilo- varied（杂色的）; poikiloderma皮肤异色病irregularpseudo- false pseudoplegia false paralysis (suffix -plegia)假麻痹，假瘫re- again; back regurgitation backward or return flow, as of bloodor stomach contents回流；反刍dextr/o right dextrocardia location of the heart (cardi/o) in th右位心e right side of the chestsinistr/o left sinistrad toward the left向左ecto- out; outside ectoderm outermost layer of the developingec-, embryo外胚层ex/o away from;outside excise to cut out切除，删去end/o- in; within endoscope device for viewing the inside of a cavity ororgan内窥镜mes/o middle mesencephalon midbrain中脑syn-, together synapse a junction between two nervecells(神sym-经元的)突触tel/e-,end telangion a terminal vessel (root angi/o)tel/o-终动脉与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀•病 patho-•Pathogen（病原体）/pathology（病理学）/pathogenesis (发病机理/发病原) 疗法-pathy ,-pathic•neuropathy神经病变/nephropathy（肾病）/adrenopathy （肾上腺病）病态–osis, -otic•neurosis(神经症；神经衰弱症)/tuberculosis（肺结核）/schistosomiasis (血吸虫病)增多 leukocytosis/granulocytosis (粒细胞增多)减少–penia, -penic•leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia（红细胞减少）/granulocytopenia （粒细胞减少）•小/微 -let• droplet（小滴）/platelet（血小板）/leaflet（小叶）复合/多 poly-• polyuria（多尿症）/polymer聚合物/polyopia 视物显多症全/泛 pan-• pancolectomy全结肠切除术/panmyelosis全骨髓增生/pandemic全国流行的（疾病）•相反 dis-• disease（疾病，不健康）/disorder（失调）/disability（不健全，残疾）困难/障碍 dys-•dysfunction（功能紊乱）//dyspepsia消化不良；胃弱/dyspnea （呼吸困难）不良 mal-•malfunction（故障，失灵）/malnutrition（营养不良）/malpractice（玩忽职守，不良行为）炎症 -itis•appendicitis（阑尾炎）/bronchitis（支气管炎）/arthritis （关节炎）瘤/块 -oma•lymphoma（淋巴瘤）/adenoma腺瘤/hematoma 血肿血症 -emialeukemia白血病/septicemia败血病/bacteremia菌血症痛 -algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-•analgesia止痛；无痛法/hypoalgesia痛觉减退/ algometer痛觉测验计麻痹 -plegia•hemiplegia（偏瘫）/pamplegia（全瘫）/myoplegia （肌瘫痪）•流出–rrhea•Diarrhea（腹泻）/hypermenorrhea（月经过多）/rhinorrhea （流鼻涕）坏死–necrosis， necro-/necr-•h epatonecrosis（肝坏死）/myonecrosis（肌坏死）/necrospermia （死精症）结石 litho-/-lith•lithiasis结石病/lithogenesis（结石形成）/cholelithes 胆结石3. 与方位有关的前缀上 upper/superior: epi-/supra-•epidemic（流行病）/epithelium（上皮细胞）/supracostal (肋上的；肋外的) 下 lower/inferior: infra-/sub-•infracostal肋骨下的/subclavicular(锁骨下的)/subcutaneous （皮下的）前 front/anterior/prior: fore-/ante-/pre-•Forehead前额/anteroposterior前后的/precirrhosis（前期肝硬变）后 back/posterior: post-/retro-•Posthepatic肝后的/postprandial餐后的/retrocardiac 心脏后的内 inner/internal: in-/endo-/ento-•Inhalation吸入/endoscopy内窥镜检查/entocranial【解剖学】颅内的外 outer/external: ex-/exo-extract取出/excretion（排泄，分泌物）间 between: inter-Intermuscular（肌间的）/intercostal （肋间部分）旁/副 on the side of: para-Parathyroid（甲状旁腺的）/paraprotein（病变蛋白，副蛋白）/pararenal 肾旁的周,围 around : peri-•Perioperative（围手术期的）/pericarditis心包炎/peritoneum腹膜中心 central: centri-/centra- /centro-centrifugation离心分离/centralize集中地/centronucleus 中心核反/对 opposite: counter-/contra-Counterpart（副本）/countershock对抗休克/contraindication 禁忌症注：in vivo/in’vaivou/活体内;in vitro/in vaitrou/活体外或试管内；in situ/in’saitju:/原位4. 与外科手术有关•切除: -ectomyAppendectomy阑尾切除术/gastrectomy胃切除术/splenectomy脾切除术切开: -tomyTracheotomy气管切开术/hysterotomy子宫切开术/craniotomy 穿颅术；颅骨切开术切（割）: -tome•tracheotome气管切开刀/thoracotome 开胸刀吻合–stomy•gastroesophagostomy 胃食管吻合术成形术 -plasty•Tracheoplasty气管成形术/osteoplasty[外科] 骨成形术/myoplasty（肌成形术）造影: -graphy•Angiography血管造影/nephrography肾实质造影/phlebography （静脉造影术）经…: trans-•Transabdominal经腹的/translateral经两侧的/transurethral （经尿道的）•注：-graphy为方法，如：electrocardigraphy心电图检查术；graph为仪器，如：electrocardigraph心电图机；gram为图象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心电图记录医学英语中的常用词缀-phasia 某种语言的变态speech演讲heterophasia异语症uttering故意提供或传递伪造文件罪words that are different from those intended异语症，错语症-lalia 含糊不清的讲话speech, babble coprolalia 秽语症compulsive use of obscene words (copro means “feces”)秽语症-lexia苛性液葡萄干reading dyslexia读写困难difficulty in reading读写困难-plegia麻痹，瘫痪paralysis tetraplegia四肢麻痹，四肢瘫痪paralysis of all four limbs四肢麻痹，四肢瘫痪-paresis轻度瘫痪，麻痹性痴呆partial paralysis部分麻痹hemiparesis轻偏瘫，偏身轻瘫partial paralysis of one side of the body轻偏瘫，偏身轻瘫-lepsy 病的发作病的侵袭seizure疾病的突然发作narcolepsy发作性睡(眠)病;嗜睡症condition marked by sudden episodes of sleep发作性睡(眠)病;嗜睡症-phobia 恐惧憎恶persistent, irrational fear非理性恐惧agoraphobia广场恐怖症fear of being in a public place (from Greek agora, meaning “marketplace”)恐旷症;公共场所恐惧症-mania……癖，……狂excited state, obsession megalomania exaggerated self-importance自大; “delusions of grandeur”地位或权势的幻想，精神病态的幻想自大狂;夸大狂与“作用”有关的前（后）缀●杀 -cide/-cidal●Insecticide杀虫剂/pesticide杀虫剂/bactericidal杀菌的抑-stasis/-static bacteriostasis细菌抑制/virostatic抑制病毒的/tuberculostatic抑制结核菌生长的驱逐 -fuge●febrifuge退热药/centrifuge 离心机抗 -anti●antibiotic抗生的，抗菌的/antimycotic抗真菌的/antimutagen 抗突变剂去/脱/除 de-detergent清洁剂，去垢剂/ desensitization脱敏回/再/复 re- reabsorb再吸收，重吸收/reactivation再活化再生/recombinant 重组重组体冷冻 cryo- cryobiology低温生物学/cryopreservation低温贮藏/cryoprotectant 冷冻保护剂否/去/分离 dis- disinfection杀菌消毒/dissociate游离/dissection 解剖解开向后/退行 retro- retrograde倒退/retrosternal胸骨后的/retrocardiac在心脏后。