考试科目：英美报刊选读考试时间：120分钟试卷总分100分题号PartI60%PartII30%PartIII10%卷面分100%折合分70%平时分30%总分得分评卷教师得分一、Reading Comprehension(60%)Passage 1The rules of etiquette in restaurants depend upon a number of factors: the physical location of the restaurant, e. g. rural or urban? the type of the restaurants e. g. informal or formal; and certain standards that are more universal. In other words, some standards of etiquette vary significantly while other standards apply almost anywhere. Learning the proper etiquette in a particular type of restaurant in a particular area may sometimes require instruction, but more commonly it simply requires sensitivity and experience. For example, while it is acceptable to read a magazine in a coffee shop, it is inappropriate to do the same in a more luxurious setting. And if you are eating in a very rustic setting it may be fine to tuck your napkin into your shirt, but if you are in a sophisticated urban restaurant this behavior would demonstrate-alack of sophistication. It is safe to say, however, that in virtually every restaurant it is unacceptable to indiscriminately throw your food on the floor. The conclusion we can most likely draw from the above is that while the types and locations of restaurants determine etiquette appropriate to them, some rules apply to all restaurants.1. What Is the main purpose of the passage?a. To point out the differences between rules of etiquette in different countries.b. To teach the reader how to tuck a napkin in his/her shirt.c. To help people from rustic areas learn.d. To explain that standards of etiquette are both variable and universal.2. According to the passage, which of the following is a universal rule of etiquette? .a. Tucking a napkin in your shirt.b. Not throwing food on the floor.c. Reading a magazine at a coffee shop.d. Eating in rustic settings.3. What does the word “it” in line 8 refer to?a. Proper etiquette.b. Clear instruction.c. Type of restaurantsd. Sensitivity.4. Which of the following words has the meaning most similar to that of “rustic” in line 11?a. Agriculturalb. Ancient.c.Unsophisticated.d.UrbanPassage 2The most interesting architectura l phenomenon of the 1970’s was the enthusiasm for refurbishing older buildings. Obviously, this was not an entirely new phenomenon. What is new is the wholesale in reusing the past, in recycling in adaptive rehabilitation. A few trial efforts, such as Ghirardilli Square in San Francisco, proved their financial viability in the 1960`s. But it was in the 1970`s, with strong government support through tax incentives arid rapid depreciation, as Well as growing interest in ecology issues, that recycling became a major factor on the urban scene. One of the most comprehensive ventures was the restoration and transformation of Boston's eighteenth century Faneuil Hall and the Quincy Market, designed in 1824. This section had fallen on hard times, but beginning with the construction of a new city hall immediately adjacent, it has returned to life with the intelligent reuse of these fine old buildings under the design leadership of Benjamin Thompson. He has provided a marvelous setting for dining, shopping, professional office, and simply walking.Butler Square, in Minneapolis, exemplifies major changes in its complex of offices, commercial space, and, public amenities carved out of a massive pile designed in 1906 as a hardware warehouse. The exciting interior timber structure of the building was highlighted by cutting light courts through the interior and adding large skylights.San Antonio, Texas, offers an big object lesson for numerous other cities combating urban decay gather than bringing in the bulldozers, San Antonio`s leaders rehabilitated, existing structures, while simultaneously cleaning up the San Antonio River which meanders through the business district.l. What is the main idea of the passage?a. During the 1970`s, old buildings in many cities were recycled for modern use.a.Recent interest in ecology issues has led to the cleaning up of many rivers.c. The San Antonio example show3 that bulldozers are not the way to right urban decay.d. Strong government support has made adaptive rehabilitation a reality in Boston2. What is the space at Quinsy Market now used for?a. Boston's new city hall.b. Sports and recreational facilities.c. Commercial and industrial Warehouses.d. Restaurants, offices, and stores.3. According, to the passage, Benjamin Thompson was the designer for a project in_____.a. San Franciscob. Bostonc. Minneapolis.d. San Antonio4. When was the Butler Square building originally built?a. In the eighteenth century.b. In the early nineteenth century.c. In the late nineteenth century.d. In the early twentieth century.5. What is the author's opinion of the San Antonio's project?a. It is clearly the best of the projects discussed.b. It is a good project that could be copied in other cities.c. The extensive use of bulldozers made the project unnecessarily costly.d. The work done on the river was more important than the work done on the buildings.6. In which of the following ways does the passage state that the San Antonio project differed from those in Boston and Minneapolis?a. It consisted primarily of new construction.b. It occurred in the business district.c. It involved the environment as well as buildings.d. It was designed to combat urban decay.Passages 3If half of the water were to be drained from the Pacific Ocean, a curious kind of submarine mountain called Guyot would be exposed. Guyots are strange formation that resembles mushroom stalks with flat tops. More than six hundred and fifty of these volcanic stalks have been discovered in the Pacific Ocean and a few others have been discovered in the Atlantic sea plains.It is easy to suppose that the Guyots were formed by underwater lava spouts that piled up volcanic debris over the years but just how they acquired their curiously flattops remains a mystery. Shallow-water fossils found embedded in the tops of some Guyots suggest that one time the flat caps were much nearer the ocean's surface, but beyond this there is little that scientist can say.One attempt to account for the flat tops .suggests that the ocean levels were once much lower than they are today; thus wave action might have smoothed away the original peaks. Another theory holds that the Guyots have probably always had flat tops and that their weight has pushed them slightly toward the ocean floor, causing them to slowly submerge. But, these are only theories. The Guyots are still a geophysical puzzle.1.Scientists a re puzzled by the Guyots’.a.mushroom-like5 appearanceb. curious flat topsc. origind. location2. Most of the Guyots are located __________.a. in the Pacific Ocean .b. near the coast of Indiac. on Atlantic sea plainsd. both a and b3. Guyots were probably formed by __________.a. underwater lava spoutsb. shifts of ocean floorc. the action of ocean currentsd. none of the above4. The discovery of shallow-water fossils indicates that the Guyots were .a. flattened by the action of wavesb. once much nearer the surface of the oceanc. near dry landd. near lowlandPassage 4The first and decisive step in the expansion of Europe overseas was the conquest of the Atlantic Ocean. That the nation to achieve this should be Portugal was the logical outcome of her geographical position and her history. Placed on the extreme margin of the old classical Mediterranean world and facing the untraversed ocean, Portugal could adapt and develop the knowledge and experience of the past to meet the challenge of the unknown. Some centuries of navigating the coastal waters of western Europe and Northern Africa had prepared Portuguese seamen to appreciate the problems which the ocean presented and to apply and develop the methods necessary to overcome them. From the seamen of the Mediterranean, particularly those of Genoa and Venice, they had learned the organization and conduct of mercantile marine, and from Jewish astronomers and Catalan mapmakers the rudiments of navigation. Largely when her increasing and vigorous population was making heavy demands on her resources, Portugal turned southwards and westwards for opportunities of trade and commerce. At this moment of national destiny it was fortunate for her that in men of caliber of Prince Henry, known as the Navigator, and King JohnⅡ she found resolute and dedicated leaders.The problems to be faced were new and complex The conditions for navigation and commerce in the Mediterranean were relatively simple, compared with those in the western seas. The landlocked Mediterranean, tideless and with a climatic regime of regular and well-defined seasons, presented few obstacles to sailors who were the heirs of great body of sea lore garnered from the experiences of many centuries. What hazards there were, in the form of sudden storms or dangerous coasts, were known and could be usually anticipated. Similarly the Mediterranean coasts, though they might be for long periods in the hands of the dangerous rivals, were described in sailing directions or laid down on the Portulan charts drawn by Venetian and Genoese. Problems of determining positions at sea, which confronted the Portuguese, did not arise. Though the Mediterranean seamen by no means restricted themselves to coastal sailing, the latitudinal extent of the Mediterranean was not great, and voyages could be conducted from point to point on compass bearings; the ships were never so far from land as to make it necessary to fix their positions in latitude by astronomical observations. Having made a landfall on a bearing, they could determine their precise position from prominent landmarks, surroundings or the nature of the seabed, after reference to the sailing directions orcharts.By contrast, the pioneers of ocean navigation faced much greater difficulties. The western ocean which extended according to the speculations of the cosmographers, through many degrees of latitude and longitude, was an unknown quantity, but certainly. subjected to wide variation of weather and without known bounds. Those who first ventured out over its waters did so without benefit of sailing directions or traditional lore. As the Portuguese sailed southwards, they left behind them the familiar constellations in the heavens by which they could determine direction and the hours of the night, and particularly the pole-star from which by a simple operation they could determine their latitude. Along the unknown coasts they were threatened by shallows, hidden banks, rocks and contrary winds and currents, with no knowledge of convenient shelter to ride out of storms or of very necessary watering places. It is little wonder that these pioneers dreaded the thought of being forced on to a lee shore or of having to choose between these inshore dangers and the unrecorded perils of the open sea.l. Before the expansion of Europe overseas could take placea. vast sums of money had to be raisedb. an army had to be recruitedc. the Atlantic Ocean had to be conqueredd. ships had to be built2. One of the Portugal’s leader known as the Nav igator, was in reality .a. Christopher Columbusb. King JohnⅡc. a venetiand. Prince Henry3. Portugal was adapt at exploring unknown waters because she possessed all of the following except .a. past experienceb. experienced navigatorsc. experienced mapmakersd. expensive trade routes.4. In addition to possessing the necessary resources for exploration y Portugal was the logical country for this task because of her _______.a. wealthb. navigational positionc. geographical positiond. prominence5. The Portuguese earned navigational .methods and procedures from all of the following excepta. Jewsb. Catalansc. Genoesed. Aegeans6. Mediterranean seamen generally kept close to shore becausea. The latitudinal extent of the Mediterranean was not greatb. they were afraid of piratesc. they feared being forced to a lee shored. they lacked navigational ability7. Hazards such as sudden storms and dangerous coasts werea. predicable risksb. unknown risksc. unknown to the aread. a major threat to navigation8. Sailing close to the coast enabled seaman toa. reach their destination fasterb. navigate without sailing directionc. determine their position from landmarksd. determine their longitude and latitudeCloze 5The Academy Awards are 1 awards 2 by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for achievement in various 3 of filmmaking. 4 are selected by their 5 (for example, cinematographers nominate cinematographers and producers nominate producers), and the winners are chosen in secret 6 by a vote of the full academy membership. About two dozen awards are given for American films, 7 which the most famous are those for best performance 8 an actor and actress, best director, and best picture. The academy also presents an award for the best foreign film and sometimes presents special awards.9 the awards ceremony, televised each spring, a gold statuette is presented to each winner. This famous 10 o f professional success was dubbed “Oscar” in 1931 11 a subsequent executive director of the academy, Margaret Herrick, who thought 12 resembled her uncle Oscar.The first Academy Awards were presented in 1929, 13 Paramount’s Wings(1928) taking the best-picture prize. Since then Oscars have been awarded to many film 14 . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's Ben-Hur(1959) with 11 awards. 15 the record for the most won by any one film. Animate Walt Disney has won the most Oscars, with 26. Actress Katharine Hepburn and director John Ford each hold four awards. Director Frank Capra and William Wyler, actress Ingrid Bergman, and actor Walter Brennan are triple award winners.1. a. yearly b. annualc. timelyd. continuing2. a. presented b. submittedc. givend. sent3. a. sorts b .kindsc. categoriesd. groups ,4. a. Actresses b. Namesc. Actorsd. Nominees5. a. colleagues b. supervisorsc. directorsd. examiners6. a. election b. ballotc. meetingd. conference7. a. in b. atc. ofd. with8. a. by b. ofc. ind. from9. a. Through b. Onc. Fromd. At10. a. mark b. signc. symbold. symptom11. a. with b. fromc. atd. by12. a. it b. hec. theyd. the man13. a. by b. inc. withd. of14. a. men b. personsc. peoplesd. personalities15. a. obtains b. holdsc. getsd. achieves得分二、Translate the following sentences: (30%)1.Frequently asked questions about Social Security’s future; how we can meet its long-term financing challenges.2.President’s Commission to Strengthen Social Security3.The country’s priorities for international policy over the next five to ten years are set out in a new strategy paper.4.A new document setting out how the Government will help to tackle the global challenge of HIV/AIDS has been launched today to mark World Aids Day.5.Don’t ignore debt problem says new campaign得分三．Answer the following question:What are about “The Inverted Pyramid” in reading American & British News Publications?答案部分：一、Reading ComprehensionPassage 1：1.d 2.d 3.b 4.d 5.b 6.cPassage 3：1.b 2.b 3.a 4.cPassage 2：1.a 2.a 3.a 4.bPassage 4：1.c 2.d 3.d 4.c 5.d 6.a 7.a 8.cCloze 5：1.b 2.a 3.c 4. d 5.a 6.b 7.c 8.b 9.d 10.c11.d 12.a 13.c 14.d 15.b二、Translate the following sentences:1.不断追问将来的社会保险问题，我们怎样才能迎接长时期的财经挑战。