五、常用句型
科技文章中经常使用若干特定的句型，从而形成科技文体区别于 其他文体的标志。例如It---that---结构句型；被动态结构句型； 分词短语结构句型，省略句结构句型等。
It was not until the 19th century that heat was considered as a form of energy. 直到十九世纪人们才认识到热是能量的一种形式。
名词短语代替定语从句或状语从句。这样可缩短句子，又比较醒
目。 A direct current is a current flowing always in the same direction. 直流电是一种总是沿同一方向流动的电流。
Radiating from the earth, heat causes air currents to rise.
MEK 甲乙酮
full-enclosed 全封闭的
Contents
Chapter 1 Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds
Chapter 2 Nomenclature of Organic Compounds Two systems of naming compounds：
barium Ba2+ calcium Ca2+ chromium(II) Cr2+ copper (II) Cu2+ iron (II) Fe2+ lead (II) Pb2+
Table 1 Some Common Ions
2+ magnesium manganese(II) mercury(II) mercury(I) tin(II) strontium ['strɔntiəm] zinc
9. non(a)-;
常用数字前缀 ：
词首：mono-, di-, 一， hexa-, 二， tri-, 三， tetra-, 四， penta五 deca-
hepta-, octa-, nona-,
六
meth-, 甲 hept-, 庚
七
八
九
十
eth-, prop-, but-, pent-, hex-, 乙 oct-, 辛 丙 non-, 壬 丁 戊 已
Table 3 Names of oxyanions
Fewest Oxygen Atoms Fewer Oxygen Atoms hypo—ite —ite hypochlorite ClO- chlorite ClO2hypobromite BrO- bromite BrO2hypoiodite IO- iodite IO2-
HC2H3O2 H2CO3 HClO2 HClO4 HCN
HBr H4SiO4 H3AsO4 HMnO4
Acid Ion in Table1
acetate carbonate chlorite perchlorate cyanide C2H3O2CO32ClO2ClO4CN-
Name of Acid
Iron(III)bromide
Tin(II)choride Tin(IV)chloride
Stannic chloride
1. mono-;
2.etra-;
6. hex(a)- ( sex(a)-); 8. oct(a)-;
5. penta-;
7. hept(a)- (sept(a)-); 10. dec(a)-
3+ Mg2+ aluminum Mn2+ chromium(III) Hg2+ iron (III) Hg22+ Sn2+ Sr2+ Zn2+ Al3+ Cr3+ Fe3+
Table 1 Some Common Ions
3arsenate arsenite phosphate phosphite AsO43AsO33PO43PO33carbonate chromate dichromate oxalate oxide sulfide sulfate sulfite
科技文章文体的特点是：清晰、准确、精练、严密。 一、大量使用名词化结构 因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量
大、强调存在的事实。
二、广泛使用被动语句 科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态。 例如：Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。而
sodium hypochlorite sodium hypochlorite
K2Cr2O7
Cu2(AsO4)2 Cr(C2H3O2)3
potassium dichromate
potassium dichromate
copper(II) arsenate cupric arsenate chromium(II) acetate chromic acetate
热量由地球辐射出来时，使得气流上升。 四、后置定语 大量使用后置定语也是科技文章的特点之一。
In radiation, thermal energy is transformed into radiant energy, similar in nature to light. 热能在辐射时，转换成性质与光相似的辐射能。
hypophosphite
PO23- phosphite nitrit sulfite
PO33NO2SO32-
Table 3 Names of oxyanions
More Oxygen Atoms — ate chlorate bromate iodate phosphate nitrate sulfate carbonate ClO3BrO3IO3PO43NO3SO42CO32-
carbon monoxide carbon dioxide sulfur trioxide dinitrogen trioxide diphosphorus pentoxide dichlorine heptoxide
Table 5 Names of some acids Formula of acid
customary names， IPUPAC Rules （the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry）
Two systems of naming compounds
• H2O • NH3 • Hg2Cl2 Water Ammonia Calomel CaO CaCO3 quicklime limestone
CuI CuI2 FeBr2 FeBr3 SnCl2 SnCl4
Cuprous iodide Cupric iodide Ferrous bromide Ferric bromide Stannous chloride
Copper(I)iodide
Copper(II)iodide
Iron(II)bromide
2CO32CrO42Cr2O72C2O42O 2S2SO42SO32-
Table 1 Some Common Ions
1bromide chloride cyanide hydride hydroxide fluoride iodide BrClCNHOHFI-
1hydrogen sulfite chlorite hypochlorite nitrite HSO3ClO2ClONO2-
Specialized English for Chemistry
Introduction
1. Difference between Public English and Specialized English 2. Contents: * Reading Skills * Translating Skills * Literature Searching * Writing Skills
Acetic acid carbonic acid chlorous acid perchloric acid hydrocyanic acid
The heat produced is equal to the electrical energy wasted.
产生的热量等于浪费了的电能。The molecules exert forces upon each other, which depend upon the distance between them.分子相互间都存在着力的作用，该力的大小取决于它们之 间的距离。
iodate nitrate acetate chlorate
IO3NO3C2H3O2ClO3-
Table 1 Some Common Ions
1-
1-
hydrogen carbonate HCO3(bicarbonate)
hydrogen sulfate HSO4-
nitrate
perchlorate
Compared with hydrogen, oxygen is nearly 16 times as
heavy .氧与氢比较，重量大约是它的十六倍。 Ice keeps the same temperature while melting . 冰在溶化时，其温度保持不变。 All substances, whether gaseous, liquid or solid, are made
Most Oxygen Atoms Per — ate perchlorate perbromate periodate ClO4BrO4IO4-
Table 4 Names of some nonmetal oxides Formula CO CO2 SO3 N2O3 P2O5 Cl2O7