高中英语复习专题：定语从句一．概述She is the girl who likes singing . 她是个喜欢唱歌的女孩。

↓ ↓↘先行词 引导词 定语从句定语从句：在句中作定语，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词，通常出现在先行词之后，由引导词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

只作整个句子的一个成份，起修饰和说明的作用。

关系代词：在从句中可作主语、宾语或定语关系副词：在从句中作地点、时间或原因状语结构： 主句的先行词 + 引导词（关系代词或关系副词）引导的定语从句↓ ↓二. 关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which, as 的基本用法1. who ：在从句中作主语，只可指人①The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。

（作主语）②Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.任何犯法的人都应受到惩罚。

（作主语）2. whom：who的宾格，在从句中作宾语，只可指人①Who is the teacher whom Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？②The professor whom you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。

3. whose：属格，在从句中作定语，可指人或物。

①Who is the girl whose father is a doctor? 父亲是医生的那个女孩是谁？②I want the book whose cover is red. 我要封面是红色的那本书。

③I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。

【★】指人/物时，常用下列结构来代替whose+n.= the+n.+of which/ the+n.+of whom或of which+the+n./ of whom+the+n.①她就是我们班上发音最好的学生。

She is the student whose pronunciation is the best in our class.the pronunciation of whom is the best in our class.of whom the pronunciation is the best in our class.②你看到窗户破了的房子吗？Do you notice the house whose window is broken?the window of which is broken?of which the window is broken?4. that：作主语、★宾语（可省略），可指人或物①Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。

（that作主语）②China is not the country that she used to be.中国已经不是过去的中国了。

(that作主语)③The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。

（that作宾语可省略）5. which：作主语、★宾语（可省略），指物①Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。

（作主语）②The film （which）we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。

（作宾语）③This is the pen (which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。

（作宾语）6. as：作主语、宾语多单独引导一个非限定性定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"。

①As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health. (as作宾语，句首)=Smoking is harmful to one's health, as we all know.（as作宾语，句尾）=Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health.（as作宾语，句中）=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health. （as作主语）=It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health.②He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (宾语, 先行词是前面整个句子)【考题印证】1. I've become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year. （2010湖南）A. whoB. whereC. whenD. which【解析】A。

考查定语从句。

该空引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词the students，且在从句中作met的宾语，故选关系代词who，即A项。

2. The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination. （2011全国卷I）A. thatB. whichC. whoseD. what【解析】C。

考查定语从句。

本题主句中的先行词writer和从句中的主语story有所属关系，译为作者的故事，因此选C。

句子的意思是：我们的奖金会留给故事情节最富有想象力的作者。

3. The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. （2010陕西）A. whereB. whichC. itsD. Whose【解析】D。

考查定语从句。

所填词引导定语从句，先行词是the old temple，关系词在从句中做roof的定语，用关系代词whose，选D。

其余选项与题意不符。

4. The newly built café, the walls of_______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. （2010江苏）A. thatB. itC. whatD. which【解析】D。

考查定语从句。

定语从句表示咖啡屋的墙5. The air quality in the city, ________is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.A. thatB. itC. asD. what （2012福建卷）【解析】C。

本题考查定语从句的引导词。

本句难点是把定语从句分割出来放在句首就很明了了，把句子转换成is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months.就能直接看到非限制性定语从句引导词放句首指的是下文所提到的一句话用as引导“正如在所写的那样”。

6. You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as （2011上海卷）【解析】A。

考查定语从句。

先行词为the bus station，从句中谓语动词hire后缺少宾语，故用关系代词which。

7. The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other. （2011山东卷）A. theyB. whereC. whatD. that【解析】D。

考查定语从句的引导词。

关系代词that代替先行词small houses，在从句中作主语。

句意为：这座古老的城镇街道狭窄，小房子挨得很近。

三. 几组关系代词的区别1. 只能用that，而不用which(1)当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (★something 除外), all, ★none, few, little, ★some等不定代词时，或当先行词被every, any, all, some, ★no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。

例如：①Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? 李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？②All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的都做好了。

③There is little that I can do for you. 我不能为你干什么。

④Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？【★】当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词whoAny man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。

All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people. 所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。

(2) 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰或被序数词修饰时。

例如：①This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。

②He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。