Day 7阅读理解(7)(说明文)Passage 1文体：说明文词数：403 限时：8分钟Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners.One study involved sixty-eight healthy young women and men who ran at least twenty-four kilometers a week. The runners were observed on a treadmill machine(跑步机). Sometimes they wore running shoes. Other times they ran barefoot(赤脚).Researchers from the JKM Technologies Company in Virginia, the University of Virginia and the University of Colorado did the study.They found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees, hips and ankle joints than running barefoot. They observed that the effect was even greater than the effect reported earlier for walking in high heels. The study appeared in the official scientific journal of The American Academy of Physical Medicine.The other study appeared in the journal Nature. It compared runners in the United States and Kenya. The researchers were from Harvard University in Massachusetts, Moi University in Kenya and the University of Glasgow in Scotland.They divided the runners into three groups. One group had alwaysrun shoeless. Another group had always run with shoes. And the third group had changed to shoeless running.Runners who wear shoes usually come down their heel first. That puts great force on the back of the foot. But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot. That way they ease into their landing and avoid striking their heel.Harvard’s Danie l Lieberman led the study. He says the way most running shoes are designed may explain why those who wear them land on their heel. The heel of the shoe is bigger and heavier than other parts of the shoe, so it would seem more likely to come down first. Also, the heel generally has thick material under it to soften landings.But the researchers do not suggest that runners immediately start running barefoot. They say it takes some training. And there can be risks, like running when your feet are too cold to feel if you get injured.The study was partly supported by Vibram, which makes a kind of footwear that it says is like running barefoot. The findings have gotten a lot of attention. But the researchers say there are many problems in the way the press has reported in their paper. So they have tried to explain their findings on a Harvard Website.1.What’s the main idea of the passage?A.Walking in high heels could cause less serious effects than running barefootB.Two new discoveries encourage people to run in high heels.C.Running in shoes is partly good to runners.D.Two new studies prove running without shoes is less risky to runners in most cases.2.Which part of our body could be injured if we run in running shoes?A.Toes.B.Hips.C.Feet.D.Legs.3.What can we learn from the passage?A.The way that we run by landing on the front or middle of our foot could avoid damaging our heel.B.We should start running barefoot in no time.C.Running in modern running shoes could cause more serious effects than running in high heels.D.We won’t be injured if we run barefoot.4.What is the writer’s attitude toward the use of the modern running shoes?A.Persuasive.B.Negative.C.Objective.D.Supportive.Passage 2文体：说明文词数：335 限时：7分钟If you see a group of people dancing and singing on the street or inthe railway station, you don’t need to feel surprised. They are a flash mob(快闪族), which is a group of people who come together suddenly in a public place, do something unusual for a brief period of time, and then quickly break up. They are usually organized with the help of the Internet or other digital communication network. At a predetermined time, they gather and perform some distractions(消遣) such as waving their hands and exchanging books. Then, they quickly break up before the police can arrive. Using mobile phones, the flash mob can change its location if the first one has been replaced for any reason.Bill Lasik, senior editor of Harper’s Magazine, organized the first flash mob in Manhattan in May, 2003 and the first successful flash mob came together on June 3, 2003—after the first attempt was foiled at Macy’s department store. Lasik claimed that the activity was designed to make fun of hipsters(赶时髦的人), and call attention to the cultural atmosphere.Flash mob gatherings can sometimes shock people. Such an activity might seem amusing and untrue, but it also might frighten people who are not aware of what is taking place. Undoubtedly, flash mobs can serve as good political tools in any direction. They also have great economic potential, such as using flash mobs to advertise a product.The flash mob is now becoming more and more popular. People use it to do many things. For example, in 2009, Michael Jackson’s fans tookpart in a flash mob to remember him. Hundreds of his fans gathered singing and dancing Michael’s famous song “Beat It” together. Flash mobs give people from all walks of life an opportunity to come together to create a memory.1.The underlined word “foiled” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by______.A.forgottenB.preventedC.announcedD.confirmed2.What can you learn about the flash mob from the passage?A.The flash mob usually breaks up quickly for lacking enough time.B.Once the place for the activity is determined, it can’t be changed.C.The flash mob can be made use of in many fields just for fun.D.It gives people the chance to come together to do something unusual.3.The main purpose of the passage is______.A.to entertainB.to encourageC.to informD.to persuade4.The writer’s attitude toward the flash mob is______.A.negativeB.objectiveC.favorableD.doubtfulPassage 3文体：说明文词数：366限时：7分钟Ever get that feeling you’re being watched?Well, if you’re a dog-owner, you may have a point. Dogs are able to watch people’s interactions with one another to determine who holds yummier treats, according to a new study. This study joins others that show dogs are good observers of human behaviors and feelings. It offers evidence that dogs use information not only from people’s direct interactions with them, but also their interactions with one another.In the study, dogs watched a man asking two women for some of their corns. Both women gave the man corns when he asked, but in response to one woman, the man showed his enthusiasm and said the corns were so delicious. In response to the other woman, he gave the corns back and called them gross(in Spanish；the study was conducted in Argentina). After these interactions, the man left and an assistant holding the dog let the dog go. While many dogs didn’t approach either woman, the dogs that did have a preference tended to prefer the woman with the yummier food.Other studies of dogs’ people-watching ability have found dogs are able to tell the difference between happy and sad faces of their owners. They prefer people who give others food when asked to people who don’t give others food. And in one study, dogs turned toward crying people more often than toward talking people.So how much do dogs really understand the humans aroundthem?That’s not totally settled yet. In a strange twist, to the Argentine study above, when the researchers tried an experiment in which they put two plates of corns on a table and had a man react to each plate, dogs didn’t preferentially approach the tastier plate afterward. You could say dogs watch for the interaction between two persons, not just how a person reacts. Yet a previous study found dogs will choose boxes that people reacted to happily, but not boxes people reacted to with a disgusted face.Well, either way, you can be sure Fluffs is keeping an eye on you, to the best of her ability. The study was published in the journal PLOS One.1.What does the main study in this passage show?A.Dogs prefer yummier foods.B.Dogs can read human actions and feelings.C.Dogs can interact with humans easily.D.Dogs like to copy human’s behavior.2.What does the underline d word “gross” probably mean?A.Healthy.B.Disgusting.C.Yummy.D.Hot.3.Which is one of the procedures of the Argentine study?A.The man had different reactions to the food received.B.one of the women didn’t give the food to the man.C.The assistant accompanied the dogs to get the food.D.Many dogs went to one of the women.4.What can be concluded from Paragraph 4?A.Interactions between two persons confuse dogs.B.Dogs never understand the reaction of one person.C.The findings of some studies are controversial.D.Dogs have good interactions with one another.答案及解析Passage 1【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。