III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)Being alone in outer space can be frightening. That is one reason why astronauts on solo (单独的) space flights were given plenty of work to keep them___45___. They were also constant communication with people on the earth. ___46___, being with people from whom you cannot get away might be even harder than being alone. This is what happens on long submarine (潜水艇) voyages. It will also happen on___47___space flights in the future. Will there be special problem of adjustment under such conditions?Scientists have studied the reactions of men to one another during long submarine voyages. They have found that the longer the voyage lasts, the more serious the problem of___48___is. When men are___49___together for a long period, they begin to feel uneasy. Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable. In the limited space over a long period of time, however, these little habits may become very___50___.Apparently, although no one wants to be___51___all the time, everyone needs some degree of privacy. When people are enclosed together, they are in what is called a stress situation. That means that they are under an unusual amount of___52___or stress.People who are well-adjusted are able to___53___stress situations better than others. That is one reason why so much care is taken in___54___our astronauts. These men undergo a long period of testing and training. One of the things tested is their behavior under stress.45. A. tired B. asleep C. conscious D. busy46. A. So far B. After all C. However D. Therefore47. A. long B. fast C. dangerous D. direct48. A. fuel B. entertainment C. adjustment D. health49. A. shut up B. held up C. brought up D. picked up50. A. pleasing B. annoying C. common D. valuable51. A. noisy B. alone C. personal D. sociable52. A. emphasis B. conflict C. power D. pressure53. A. handle B. create C. affect D. investigate54. A. becoming B. choosing C. ordering D. promoting(B)One topic is rarely mentioned in all the talk of improving standards in our schools: the almost complete failure of foreign-language teaching. As a French graduate who has taught for more than twenty-five years, I believe I have some idea of why the failure is so total. ___55___the faults already found out in the education system as a whole —such as child-centred learning, the “discovery” method, and the low expectati ons by teachers of pupils —there have been several serious___56___which have a direct effect on language teaching.The first is the removal from the curriculum(课程) of the thorough teaching of English___57___. Pupils now do not know a verb from a noun, the subject of a sentence from its object, or the difference between the past, present, or future.Another important error is mixed-ability teaching, or teaching in ability groups so___58___that the most able groups are___59___and are bored while the least able are lost and ___60___bored. Strangely enough, few head teachers seem to be in favour of mixed-ability school football teams.Progress depends on memory, and pupils start to forget immediately they stop having___61___lessons. This is why many people who attended French lessons at school, even those who got good grades, have forgotten it a few years later. ___62___they never need it, they do not practice it.Most American schools have accepted what is inevitable and___63___modern languages, even Spanish, from the curriculum. Perhaps it is time for Britain to do the same, and stop___64___resources on a subject which few pupils want or need.55. A. Due to B. In addition to C. Instead of D. In spite of56. A. errors B. situations C. systems D. methods57. A. vocabulary B. culture C. grammar D. literature58. A. wide B. similar C. separate D. unique59. A. kept out B. turned down C. held back D. left behind60. A. surprisingly B. individually C. equally D. hardly61. A. extra B. traditional C. basic D. regular62. A. Although B. Because C. Until D. Unless63. A. restored B. absorbed C. prohibited D. withdrawn64. A. wasting B. focusing C. exploiting D. sharingIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.People think children should play sports. Sports are fun, and playing with others. However, playing sports can have ___50___ effects on children. It may produce feelings of poor self-respect or aggressive behavior in some children. According to research on kidsand sports, 40,000,000 kids play sports in the US. Of these, 18,000,000 say they have been ___51___at or called names while playing sports. This leaves many children with a bad ___52___of sports. They think sports are just too aggressive.Many researchers believe adults, especially parents and coaches, are the main ___53___of too much aggression ill children's sports. They believe children ___54___aggressive adult behavior. This behavior is then further strengthened through both positive and negative feedback. Parents and coaches are powerful teachers because children usually look up to them. Often these adults behave aggressively themselves, sending children the message that___55___is everything. Many parents go to children's sporting events and shout___56___at other players or cheer when their child behaves ___57___. As well, children arc even taught that hurting other players is___58___or are pushed to continue playing even when they are injured ___59___, the media makes violence seem exciting. Children watch adult sports games and see violent behavior replayed over and over on television.As a society, we really need to ___60___this problem and do something about it. Parents and coaches___61___should act as better examples for children. They also need to teach childrenbetter___62___. They should not just cheer when children win or act aggressively. They should teach children to ___63___, themselves whether they win or not. Besides, children should not be allowed to continue to play when they are injured. If adults allow children to play when injured, this gives the message that___64___is not as important as winning.50. A. restrictive B. negative C. active D. instructive51. A. knocked B. glanced C. smiled D. shouted52. A. impression B. concept C. taste D. expectation53. A. resource B. cause C. course D. consequence54. A. question B. understand C. copy D. neglect55. A. winning B. practising C. fun D. sport56. A. praises B. orders C. remarks D. insults57. A. proudly B. ambitiously C. aggressively D. bravely58. A. acceptable B. impolite C. possible D. accessible59. A. By contrast B. In addition C. As a result D. After all60. A. look up to B. face up to C. make up for D. come up with61. A. in particular B. in all C. in return D. in advance62. A. techniques B. means C. values D.directions63. A. respect B. relax C. forgive D. enjoy64. A. body B. fame C. health D. spiritIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Most people believe they don’t have much imagination. They are___50___.Everyone has imagination, but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to___51___it. Creativity isn’t always___52___with great works of art or ideas. People at work and in their free time___53___think of creative ways to solve problems. Maybe you have a goal to achieve, atricky question to answer or you just want to expand your mind! Here are three techniques to help you.Making connections This technique involves taking___54___ideas and trying to find links between them. First, think about the problem you have to solve or the job you need to do. Then find an image, word, idea or object, for example, a candle. Write down all the idea/words___55___with candles: light, fire, matches, wax, night, silence, etc. Think of as many as you can. The next stage is to relate the___56___to the job you have to do. So imagine you want to buy a friend an original___57___; you could buy him tickets to match or take him out for the night.NO limits!Imagine that normal limitations don’t___58___.You have as much time/space/money, etc. as you want. Think about your goal and the new___59___.If your goal is to learn to ski,___60___, you can now practise skiing every day of your life （because you have the time and the money）. Now___61___this to reality. Maybe you can practise skiing ever day in December, or every Monday in January.Be someone else! Look at the situation from a___62___point of view. Good businessmen use this technique in trade, and so do writes. Fiction writers often imagine they are the___63___in their books. They ask ques tion: What does this character want? Why can’t she get it? What changes must she make to get what she wants? If your goal involves other people, put yourself in their___64___. The best fishermen think like fish!50. A. wrong B. unbelievable C. reasonable D. realistic51. A. put up with B. catch up with C. make use of D. keep track of52. A. equipped B. compared C. covered D. connected53. A. skillfully B. routinely C. vividly D. deeply54. A. familiar B. unrelated C. creative D. imaginary55. A. presented B. marked C. lit D. associated56. A. ideas B. ambitions C. achievement D. technique57. A. experience B. service C. present D. object58. A. work B. last C. exist D. change59. A. possibilities B. limitations C. tendency D. practice60. A. in fact B. in particular C. as a whole D. for example61. A. devote B. adapt C. lead D. keep62. A. private B. global C. different D. practical63. A. features B. themes C. creatures D. characters64. A. positions B. dreams C. images D. directionsIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece, If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals (彩排), or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing ___50___.What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering, ___51___ revising. Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production. However, when Phantom opened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had. ___52___ several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming andmakeup(戏服和化妆). For instance, Lloyd Webber ___53___ some of the music because the Phantom's makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds.When you revise, you change aspects of your work in ___54___ to your evolving purpose, or to include ___55___ ideas or newly discovered information.Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment. ___56___, it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way. Even your decision to ___57___. topics while prewriting is a type of revising. However. don't make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows ___58___. Always make time to become your own ___59___and view your dress rehearsal, so to speak. Reviewing your work in this way can give you ___60___ new ideas.Revising involves ___61___ the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of yourwriting, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas you present. When you revise, ask yourself the following questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom you are writing: Is my main idea or purpose ___62___ throughout my draft? Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the ___63___ that is, facts, opinions, inferences --- that they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally, have I included too many ___64___ details that may confuse readers?50. A. technique B. style C. process D. career51. A. in particular B. as a result C. for example D. in other words52. A. undergone B. skipped C. rejected D. replaced53. A. rewrote B. released C. recorded D. reserved54. A. addition B. response C. opposition D. contrast55. A. fixed B. ambitious C. familiar D. fresh56. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore57. A. discuss B. switch C. exhaust D. cover58. A. drafting B. rearranging C. performing D. training59. A. director B. master C. audience D. visitor60. A. personal B. valuable C. basic D. delicate61. A. mixing B. weakening C. maintaining D. assessing62. A. amazing B. bright C. unique D. clear63. A. angles B. evidence C. information D. hints64. A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. concrete D. finalIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, ___50___, words of wisdom are soon forgotten.Once companies have attracted customers they often___51___the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business—___52___that the customer remains a customer.___53___to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing___54___, this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the___55___implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big___56___in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to___57___increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.In t he US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and___58___never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in___59___profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).The logic behind cultivating customer___60___is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with littl e attention paid to___61___them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. ___62___customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price___63___, and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it___64___for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.50. A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D. first of all51. A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe52. A. denying B. ensuring C. arguing D. proving53. A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing54. A. markets B. tastes C. prices D. expenses55. A. culture B. social C. financial D. economical56. A. promise B. plan C. mistake D. difference57. A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D. budget58. A. as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary59. A. huge B. potential C. extra D. reasonable60. A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D. interest61. A. altering B. understanding C. keeping D. attracting62. A. Assumed B. Respected C. Established D. Unexpected63. A. agreeable B. flexible C. friendly D. sensitive64. A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D. convenientIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another___50___, subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble(绊脚)and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his___51___; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to___52___aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In___53___these and other research findings, two themes are___54___: we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think___55___assistance.In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. ___56___, in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be___57___, but had apparently been "lost". The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very___58___person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likelyto___59___the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive.The degree of___60___between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n)___61___T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.Whether a person receives help depends in part on the "worth" of the case. For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone. ___62___to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for___63___than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be___64___rather than drunk.50.A. study B. way C. word D. college51.A. hand B. arm C. face D. back52.A. refuse B. beg C. lose D. receive53. A. challenging B. recording C. understanding D. publishing54.A. important B. possible C. amusing D. missing55. A. seek B. deserve C. obtain D. accept56.A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example57. A. printed B. mailed C. rewritten D. signed58. A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working59.A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down60. A. similarity B. friendship C. cooperation D. contact61. A. expensive B. plain C. cheap D. strange62. A. time B. instructions C. money D. chances63.A. shoppers B. research C. children D. health64. A. talkative B. handsome C. calm D. sickIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up the markets, increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market. The question is：Is economic globalization___50___for all?According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization has helped reduce___51___in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study that shows increased wealth___52___to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries as a result of integration (融合) of local economies into the world economy. Home to some three billion people, these twenty-four countries have seen incomes___53___at an average rate of five percent—compared to two percent in developed countries.Those who___54___globalization claim that economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses.___55___, small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in___56___open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually___57___the gap between the rich and poor. A study carried out by the U.N.--sponsored World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing countries have actually ___58___from integration into the world economy and that the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind.___59___, they maintain that globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses. For example, Indian craftsmen who currently seem to benefit from globalization because they are able to___60___their products may soon face fierce competition that could pot them out of___61___. When large-scale manufacturers start to produce the same goods, or when superstores like Wal-Mart move in, these small businesses will not be able to___62___and will be crowded out.One thing is certain about globalization—there is no___63___. Advances in technology combined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world. The___64___now is finding a way to create a kind of globalization that works for the benefit of all.50. A. possible B. smooth C. good D. easy51. A. crime B. poverty C. conflict D. population52. A. contributing B. responding C. turning D. owing53. A. remain B. drop C. shift D. increase54. A. doubt B. define C. advocate D. ignore55. A. In addition B. For instance C. In other words D. All in all56. A. mature B. new C. local D. foreign57. A. finding B. exploring C. bridging D. widening58. A. suffered B. profited C. learned D. withdrawn59. A. Furthermore B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise60. A. consume B. deliver C. export D. advertise61. A. trouble B. business C. power D. mind62. A. keep up B. come in C. go around D. help out63. A. taking off B. getting along C. holding out D. turning back64. A. agreement B. prediction C. outcome D. challengeIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple ___51___.Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we ___52___ do with it? We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out-and why; how to deal with difficult ___53___ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural ___54___, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming,Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really___55___issues.Dunbar ___56___ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar—___57___, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the ___58___ of the higher primates（灵长类动物）like monkeys. By means of grooming--cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or___59___ from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar ___60___ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the ___61___ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to ___62___ the pressure and calm everybody down.But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be ___63___ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more ___64___ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal（有声的）grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one ___65___ contact.51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language52. A. occasionally B. habitually C. independently D. originally53. A. social B. political C. historical D. cultural54. A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters55. A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult56. A. confirms B. rejects C. outlines D. broadens57. A. for instance B. in addition C. on the contrary D. as a result58. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour59. A. attack B. contact C. inspection D. assistance60. A. recalls B. denies C. concludes D. confesses61. A. prospect B. responsibility C. leadership D. protection62. A. measure B. show C. maintain D. ease63. A. saved B. extended C. consumed D. gained64. A. common B. efficient C. scientific D. thoughtful65. A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secretIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. ___51___, you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more___52___in people’s lives. The___53___is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be___54___. They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that___55___attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.First ImpressionTo help determine the___56___of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to___57___what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.。