[专升本类试卷]专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷5一、Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.0 On a rainy day, you will see many streams of muddy(多泥的)water running down the slopes(斜坡)of a hill. The water is muddy because it washes away soil from the hill slopes.Sometimes soil is blown away by strong winds. When the soil is carried away by water or wind, we say that the land is eroded(侵蚀). This is known as soil erosion.Plants cannot grow on eroded land. There is not enough soil on eroded land to give them the things they need. Plants need water and salts from the soil.We can do a number of things to stop soil erosion. This is called soil conservation(保护).One way of soil conservation on flat, open ground is to grow small plants such as grasses. Their roots hold the soil tightly together.Another way is to plant trees around an open field. Thus soil erosion by strong winds cannot take place. Rows of trees act as a very big wall.Soil erosion on slopes can be stopped by cutting "steps" called terraces(梯田). Water carrying soil cannot run straight down the slope now. It has to run down the terraces. This slows down the flow(流速)of the water. Most of the soil in the water is left behind on the terraces.There are some other ways for soil conservation.1 On a rainy day the water running down the slopes of a hill is muddy because______ . （A）there are no terraces on the slopes（B）there are no small plants on the slopes（C）it washes away soil from the slopes（D）there is too much soil on the slopes2 Plants cannot grow on eroded land because______.（A）there is a lot of sand in it（B）there is not enough water and salts in it（C）there is no water in it（D）the land is too hard3 The way of soil conservation on flat, open ground is______. （A）to grow small plants such as grasses（B）to plant trees around an open field（C）to add fertilizer to the soil（D）A and B4 Cutting "steps" called terraces on slopes______.（A）can slow down the flow of the water（B）helps plants grow better（C）prevents the soil being carried away by winds（D）makes the plants' roots hold the soil together4 Bacteria(细菌)are extremely small living things. While we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns. One micron is a thousandth of a millimeter; a pinhead is about a millimeter across. Rod-shaped bacteria are usually from two to four microns long, while rounded ones are generally one micron in diameter. Thus, if you enlarged a rounded bacterium a thousand times, it would be just about the size of a pinhead. An adult human magnified by the same amount would be over a mile(1.6 kilometers)tall.Even with an ordinary microscope, you must look closely to see bacteria. Using a magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or dots. One cannot make out anything of their structure. Using special stains, one can see that some bacteria have attached to them wavy-looking "hairs" called flagella. Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria through the water. Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power, while others can glide along over surfaces by some little-understood mechanism.From the bacterial point of view the world is a very different place from what it is to humans. To a bacterium water is as thick as molasses(糖蜜)is to us. Bacteria are so small that they are influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules around them. Bacteria under the microscope even those with no flagella often bounce about in the water. This is because they collide with the water molecules and are pushed this way and that molecules move so rapidly that within a tenth of a second the molecules around a flagellum have been replaced by new ones. Even bacteria without flagella are thus constantly exposed to a changing environment.5 Which of the following is the smallest?（A）A pinhead.（B）A rounded bacterium.（C）A microscope.（D）A rod-shaped bacterium.6 According to the passage, someone who examines bacteria using only a microscope that magnifies 100 times would see______.（A）tiny dots（B）small "hairs"（C）large rods（D）detailed structures7 The relationship between a bacterium and its flagella is most nearly analogous to which of the following?（A）A rider jumping on a horse's back.（B）A ball being hit by a bat.（C）A boat powered by a motor.（D）A door closed by a gust of wind.8 In Paragraph 3, Sentence 2, the author compares water to molasses in order to introduce which of the following topics?（A）The bacterial content of different liquids.（B）What happens when bacteria are added to molasses.（C）The molecular structures of different chemicals.（D）How difficult it is for bacteria to move through water.9 April 1st is a day on which, in some countries, people try to play tricks on others. If one succeeds in tricking somebody, one may laugh and say, "April Fool!" and then the person who has been tricked usually laughs too.One April 1st, a bus was going along a country road when it slowed down and stopped.The driver anxiously turned switches(开关)and pressed buttons(按钮), but nothinghappened. Then he turned to the passengers with a worried look on his face and said, "This poor bus is getting old. There' s only one thing to do if we want to get home today.I shall count one, two, three, and on the word three, I want you all to lean forward suddenly with all your effort. That should get the bus started again. Now, all of you lean back as far as you can in your seats and get ready. "The passengers all pressed back against their seats and waited for his order.The driver turned to his front and asked, "Are you ready?" The passengers hardly had enough breath to answer, "Yes. " "One! Two! Three!" counted the driver. The passengers all swung(摇摆)forward and the bus started up at once.The passengers breathed more easily and began to smile. But their smiles turned to surprise and then burst into laughter(大笑起来)when the driver merrily cried, "April Fool!""April Fool" is a person who______on April 1st.（A）has been tricked（B）succeeds in tricking somebody（C）tricks others（D）plays tricks on others10 Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kinds of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more gropes and organizations with different beliefs, in addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technologyrather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what has learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposite; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with violent change. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp different in appearance between them and their white counterparts.The expression "greater tolerance"(Para. 1)refer to______.（A）more respect for different beliefs and behaviors（B）quicker adaptation to changing circumstances（C）greater willingness to accept social change（D）greater readiness to agree to different opinion and ideas11 The economy of the United States after 1952 was the economy of a well-fed, almost fully employed people. Despite occasional alarms, the country escaped any post-war liquidation and lived in a state of boom. The history of extraction, production, and distribution had therefore been almost nothing but a statistical table reflecting prosperity. And economic survey of the year 1955, a typical year of the 1950s, may be illumination as illustrating the decade. The national output was valued at about 10 percent above that of 1954(1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War II .The country ' s businesses spent about 30 billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income available for spending was almost third greater than it had been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is, about 700 million dollars a day, or about twenty-five million dollars every hour, all around the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them.Only agriculture complained that it was not sharing in the boom. To some observers this was an ominous echo of the mid-1920s. As farmers' share of their products declined, marketing costs rose. But there were few pessimists among the observers of the nationaleconomy. Those few seemed to fear, that the prosperity was based on government pump priming on a stupendous scale.In the first paragraph, the word "boom" could best be replaced by______.（A）nearby explosion（B）thunderous noise（C）general public support（D）rapid economic growth。