介词和介词短语(知识梳理)真题再现：1. 〔They believe that there are transport developments ______ that will bring a lot of changes for the better.A. out of dateB. out of orderC. around the clockD. around the corner2. Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃____ the average.A. belowB. onC. atD. above3. Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes _________ anim als both on land and sea?A. aboutB. toC. withD. over4. Most people work because it’s unavoidable. , there are some people who actually enjoy work.A. As a resultB. In additionC. By contrastD. In conclusion5. These comments came specific questions often asked b y local newsmen.A. in memory ofB. in response toC. in touch withD. in possession of6. Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around __ ______ Thomas Edison.A. thanks toB. regardless ofC. aside fromD. but for7. This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn y ou _______ that if you smoked here you would be fined.A. in advanceB. in detailC. in totalD. in general8. Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only w ay for us to survive is to live ＿＿＿＿nature.A. in view ofB. in need ofC. in touch withD. in harmony with9. The little pupil took his grandma the arm and walked her across the street.A. onB. byC. inD. at110. A common memory they all have___________ their school days is the school uniform.A. ofB. onC. toD. with答案与解析：1.解析: D。
此题考查的是介词短语，A选项过时的，B选项无秩序，C 选项夜以继日地，D选项即将到来。
根据语意, 应选：D2. 解析：D。
此题考查的知识点是介词。
on record 有记载的，below the average平均水平以下，above the average平均水平以上，on the avera ge平均来说。
故D正确。
3. 解析：B。
句意：你是否有听说过树是陆上动物和海上动物的家？h ome to sth. 固定搭配，〝是什么的家园〞的意思。
该句是一个疑问句，其中还含有一个定语从句。
4. 解析：C。
句意：很多人工作是因为这是不可避免的，相反，有一些人是的确喜欢工作的。
根据前后的意思，可以知道前后是表示对比。
A 意为〝结果〞，B意为〝此外〞，C意为〝相反〞，D意为〝结论〞。
〝不可避免〞表述到一种无奈，也就是说，很多人是不得不工作的。
后句的表达是〝事实上有些人喜欢工作〞，〝喜欢〞和〝不得不〞刚好构成一种否定，所以答案只能是选C。
5. 解析：B。
句意：这些评论是对某些经常被当地记者问到的问题的回应。
in memory of意为〝纪念〞，in response to意为〝回应〞，in touc h with意为〝联系〞，in possession of意为〝拥有〞。
分析句子成分知道空格处充当介词短语作状语的作用，根据常识和句意，评论应该是对问题的回应。
6. 解析：D。
此题考察虚拟语气but for的用法，句意为：如果没有T homas，对我们有益处的很多东西就不会来到我们身边。
7. 解析：A。
考查介词短语辨析。
句意：这个会议室是非吸烟区。
我要提前提醒你，如果你在这里吸烟，你会被罚款的。
8. 解析：D。
in view of在……眼里；in need of需要；in touch with 和……接触；in harmony with与……和谐相处。
这四个短语后面都应该接名词，该句意思为：人的生活是自然的一部分，因此，我们生存下来的唯一的方法就是与自然和谐相处。
根据句意，应选D。
9. 解析：B。
句意：这个小学生拉住他奶奶的膀子和她一起穿过街道。
take sb. by the arm拉住某人的膀子，所以选B。
10. 解析：A。
of关于，表示从属关系；on在……之上；to对于；wit h和……在一起。
该句意思为：他们共有的关于他们学校的记忆是校服。
应选A。
难点是介词放在定语从句部分考查。
语法讲解：介词主要考查近义词的用法区别、介词的特定含义、介词和连词易混淆的项目、介词的固定用法等。
在历年全国各地高考试题中，都涉及到介词的考查，不仅在单项填空中进行考查，在短文改错题中，对于介词的有无、介词与其他词的固定搭配的考查尤为频繁。
介词是英语中比较活跃的词，中学阶段所学的介词有40多个。
它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活，意义丰富。
搭配比较活跃的介词主要有in，out，up，down，on，off，to，from，for，over，with等。
介词的考查将以介词的固定短语和介词辨析为主。
介词的定义及分类介词又叫前置词，属于虚词，后面必须接名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词、短语、句子作宾语。
介词本身数量不大，但它与动词、形容词和名词等实词的搭配力极强。
介词可按其构成分为：简单介词，即一个介词，如about，at，in，of，since等。
复合介词，由两个介词组成，如as for，as to，out of等。
二重介词，由两个介词搭配而成，但没有复合介词那样固定，如fro m under，from behind，until after，except in等。
短语介词，由短语构成，如according to，because of，in spite of，on behalf of，with reference to等。
分词介词，由现在分词构成，如regarding，concerning，including等。
〝动词+介词〞短语举例：look after sb/sth 照顾，看管look at sb/sth 注视，着眼于look for sb/sth 寻找；期待，期望look forward to sth/doing sth 盼望，期待look into sth 窥视；调查；浏览look like sb/sth 看起来像look up sth查阅〝形容词+介词〞短语举例：be afraid of sth.害怕某事be curious about 对什么好奇be different from 与什么不同be interested in sth. /sb. 对某人或某物很感兴趣be proud of 骄傲，自豪be similar to 与……相似be strict with 对……严格要求〝名词+介词〞短语举例：attitude to/towards 态度，看法belief in sth./sb.相信某人或某事congratulation on sth 对…(表示)祝贺interest(n.)in sth 对…的兴趣respect(n.)for sb/sth.对…的尊敬satisfaction with sb/sth 对…满意〝介词+名词〞短语举例：at hand 在手边，在附近by accident 偶然beyond doubt 毫无疑问in addition 另外for the moment 现在，暂时from time to time 有时，不时with the purpose of 为了常见介词用法againstNobody has got anything against you at all. 〔反对〕He saw a girl sitting alone on a bench against the wall. 〔靠着〕We have saved some money against old age. 〔防备〕The little red house looks so beautiful against the green woods. 〔在……映衬下〕atThey left their luggage at the station. 〔at后接地点〕At noon there was still no news. 〔at后接时间〕What are you laughing at? 〔at后接原因〕I was surprised at his words.〔at强调引起某种情感的原因〕I came here at her invitation/request. 〔at表示〝应要求、请求等〞〕When I arrived, they were at their meal. 〔at固定搭配，吃饭〕I am rather slow at drawing. 〔at强调在某方面〕I won’t buy it at that price. 〔at后接价格〕beyondHe saw a house beyond the woods. 〔在……那边〕It was quite beyond me. 〔超出能力、范围等〕byHe left by the nearest exit.〔通过〕We traveled by sea/plane to save time. 〔表示手段、方式，无冠词〕By next Friday I will have finished the job. 〔到……为止〕He taught himself English by practicing all day long. 〔by doing表示手段、方式〕He took her by the hand. 〔by the 〝身体部位〞〕I did that by accident/mistake/nature. 〔固定搭配〕Sugar is sold by the pound/weight. 〔by the具体单位/重量、面积等〕He is older than Mike by five years. 〔表示差距〕The room is forty feet by twenty. 〔表示乘号〕withWho is that with brown hair? 〔表示伴随特征〕He was asleep with his head on his arms. 〔表示伴随动作〕Weather changes with the season.〔随着〕above1.表示位置、年龄、职位、数量：在……上面，在……之上above the sea level 海平面以上two degrees above zero零上二度2.表示品质、行为、能力等〝超出……之外〞The maths problem is above (beyond) me. 这个问题我解决不了。