第九届初中生科普英语竞赛辅导材料科普类阅读答题方法及策略一【题型说明】科普知识类文章的特点是科技词汇多，句子长且结构复杂，理论性和逻辑性又都较强，再加之文章所介绍的知识对于同学们来说是比较陌生的。

因此，同学们看这类文章觉得是雾里看花。

【文章特点】科普类文章的主要特点：1. 文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。

综观整篇文章可以明显看出，它没有文学英语中常采用的排比、比喻、夸张等修饰手段，一词多义的现象也不多见。

2. 句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。

为了描述一个客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多种语法现象与一体的长句。

3. 常使用被动语态，强调动作的承受者。

4. 常使用双重否定句。

【结构特点】科普知识类文章结构一般也是由标题(Headlines),导语(Introductions)，背景( Background)，主体(Main body)和结尾(Ends)五部分构成。

标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括，高考这类阅读理解材料一般也不给标题，而要同学们选择标题。

导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。

背景交待一个事实的起因。

主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述。

这一部分命题往往最多，因此，阅读时，同学们要把这部分作为重点。

结尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应，命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题。

【备考提醒】要做好这类阅读理解题，先要掌握这类文章的特点和结构，真正读懂并理解它。

其次，工夫在课外，平时一定要多读科技幻想类文章，比如：太空与海洋、创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。

特别是从网上搜寻一些取材原版、内容时新、语言鲜活的科技幻想类材料阅读。

这样长期坚持，既可以增长知识、开阔视野，又可以扩充科技词汇，还能提高解答这种类型试题的能力。

我们何乐而不为呢？【实例分析】阅读下面的文章，然后做后面的阅读理解题：Robots are smart. With their computer brains, they help people work in dangerous places or do difficult jobs.Some robots do regular jobs. Bobby, the mail carrier, brings mail to a large office building in Washington, D.C. Heis one of 250 mail carriers in the United States.Mr. Leachim, who weighs two hundred pounds and is six feet tall, has some advantages as a teacher. One is thathe does not forget details. He knows each child’s name, the parents’ names and what each child knows andneeds to know. In addition, he knows each child’s pets and hobbies. Mr. Leachim does not make mistakes. Eachchild goes and tells him his or her name, then dials an identification number. His computer brain puts the ch ild’svoice and number together. He identifies the child with no mistakes. Then he starts the lesson. Another advantage is that Mr. Leachim is flexible. If the children need more time to do their lessons they canmove switches. In this way they can repeat Mr. Leachim’s lesson over and over again. When the children do agood job, he tells them something interesting about their hobbies. At the end of the lesson the children switch Mr.Leachim off.1. The first paragraph of the passage tells us _____.A. human beings are not as smart as robotsB. robots will take the place of man to rule the earthC. we can only use robots to do some regular jobsD. robots can help people in many different ways2. Mr. Leachim’s _____ makes him a good teacher.A. knowledgeB. appearanceC. advantagesD. energy3. What is the most important thing Mr. Leachim can do in his lessons?A. To meet the needs of each student.B. To talk to the students in different languages.C. To keep everyone’s interest in his lesson.D. To introduce more hobbies to the children.4. The word flexible in the last paragraph means _____.A. not strictB. not hardC. suitableD. changeable5. Which of the following statements may be true according to the passage?A. There are 250 robot teachers in the United States.B. Mr. Leachim is run and controlled by electricity.C. Bobby works in a large office building in WashingtonD.C.D. The lessons taught by Mr. Leachim are given on a TV set.【答案与解析】文章主要讲的是机器人可以以不同的方式帮助人类。

1. D。

主旨大意题。

从With their computer brains, they help people work in dangerous places or do different jobs. Some robots do regular jobs可知机器人可以做各种不同的工作，能以各种方式帮助人类，故答案选D。

2. C。

事实细节题。

从Mr. Leachim, who weighs two hundred pounds and is six feet tall, has some advantages as a teacher可知答案C正确。

3. A。

推理判断题。

从Another advantage is that Mr. Leachim is flexible可知他非常的灵活，可满足每个学生的要求，故答案选A。

4. D。

词汇猜测题。

从文章最后一段可知学生可以根据需要有选择地运用Mr. Leachim, 可见flexible是形容Mr. Leachim很灵活，富有变化，即答案选D。

5. B。

事实细节题。

从文章最后一话At the end of the lesson the children switch Mr. Leachim off 可知答案B正确推测生词词义技巧实践证明，根据自己的英语基础和兴趣爱好选择恰当的材料，进行大量的阅读是学好英语的有效途径。

但是，阅读中不免会遇到生词或熟词生义，不可能也没有必要每个生词都去插词典，这就需要掌握猜测词义的方法和技巧了。

这里总结了17种词义推测的方法或技巧，但愿能对你有所帮助。

1.根据转折关系：表示转折关系的有though, but、however等。

例如：Any fool can make soap, but it takes a genius to sell it.由but可知genius是与fool(蠢才)相对的，由此推测其意为“有才能的人”、“天才”。

2.根据对比关系：表示对比关系的有标志词有unlike、not、while、on the other hand, in spite of、in contrast等。

例如：If you agree, say “Yes”; if you dissent, say “No”.根据前后的对比关系，不难猜出dissent是意思与agree相反，即：“不同意”。

3.根据同类关系：比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。

表示比较关系的词和短语有similarly，like，just as，also等。

例如：Mr. Green loves to talk，and his brothers are similarly loquacious.句中similarly表明loves to talk与生词loquacious之间是同类关系。

由此可推断出loquacious 词义为“健谈的”。

4.根据因果关系：表示因果关系的有because, so that, so/such…that…等。

例如：The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.由“无雨水”之因，可推知花会“枯萎、凋谢”之果。

因此，wither意为“枯萎、凋谢”。

5.根据同位关系:因为同位语是对前面的名词的进一步补充说明，提供更为详细的情况，所以根据同位语也可推测前面名词的意思。

例如：Yes, that is the Tai Mahal, one of the most famous buildings in the world. (全国卷)由后面的同位语的解释我们清楚地知道Tai Mahal就是一著名的建筑物。