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高中英语语法句子结构分析



I don’t spend extra so that I can save money.(目的状语)

He tried so hard that he finally succeeded.(结果状语从句)

Although he is very old, he is quite strong.(让步状语从句)
• 二、例句
• Jack smiles happily.副词修饰动词,放在动词后
• He quickly understand.副词修饰动词,放在动词前
• She is very beautiful.副词修饰形容词
• He is pretty tall.副词修饰形容词
复合句——状语从句
• 三、例句
• 3.主(名词)系(3种)表(名词,形容词,不定式,介宾)

系动词:1.Be 动词: am is are was were

2.感官动词(五官):look sound smell taste feel

3.变化动词:become turn go get grow stay remain keep
• 4.主(名)谓(及物动词)宾(名)宾(名):I give you money.
状语(adverbial)
• 状语是描述谓语动词作用状态的句子成分,所描述的状态可以是: 时间,地点,原因,程度,让步,伴随等。状语一般是副词,副 词词组或者从句。
I ran a marathon yesterday.(时间) He lives in downtown.(地点) He waited because of the rain.(原因) She often goes to the gym.(频繁程度) He spoke to him with smile.(伴随) Though confident, he lost the game.(让步) I am reading a fascinating book with kindle.(方式)
复合句——定语从句
• 定语:修饰限定名词,汉语中“的”前面的内容:红红的花。包括:1.形容词 2.短语或从句

(定1)主(定2) + 谓 + (定1)宾(定2)
• 定1:A beautiful girl shared a fascinating story.
• 定2:A girl from Mars shared a story about her people.
what 组在句子中有不同的功能和位置,称为不同的句子成分。
• 读懂长难句
Why • 判断语法正确与否
• 清楚主谓宾定状补的含义和用法
How
主语(subject)
主语是句子所要描述或者表达的主体,是动作的发出者,一般是一 个名词或者名词性成分。
The boys laughed. The river flows. His daughter is a journalist. I am reading books.
定语(attribute)
• 定语用来修饰限定名词的品质,特征或特性,一般是形容词或短 语从句。
He acts like a professional player. I am reading a fascinating book. A beautiful girl shared a fascinating story. A girl from Mars shared a story about her people. The boy to write this letter needs a pen. A girl who likes spring shared a story which moved us. A beautiful girl from Mars who likes spring shared a fascinating story about her people which moved us.
宾语(object)
• 宾语是动作的承接者。宾语是名词性成分,一般有名词,宾格代 词或者从句构成。
He owns a company. They saw the car. He look after the children. I like him. He said that he likes football. I am reading books.
以之外,其他都靠后)

If /As long as you win, there will be a reward.(条件状语)

I study for my well-being.(目的状语)

I don’t spend extra to/in order to save money.(目的状语)
补语(complement)
• 补语是指跟在主语或宾语后面补充说明主语或宾语的状态的成分, 由形容词或者名词充当。
This good news made me happy. They elected him President. The gloves will keep your hands warm. Hungry and tired, I went home.

He came yesterday. Yesterday he came.时间副词,位置灵活。

He likes spring for its beauty.

He likes spring for it is beautiful.

He likes spring because/as/since it is beautiful.(原因状语从句,除了since 前后都可
people which moved us.
复合句——状语从句
• 一、什么是状语?
• 1.副词:修饰动词 walk slowly

修饰形容词 really beautiful
• 2.起副词作用的句子:状语从句
• 3.按成分分:时间状语,地点状语,原因状语,条件状语(在…情况下,如果…,只要…),
目的状语,结果状语,让步状语(虽然…),方式状语
地点、频率、原因、程度等。 • 对主语或者宾语进行补充说明
• 起解释说明名词作用,和其所解释的名词相等,同位语是名词
简单句 复合句
简单句+引导词+简单句(小弟)
并列句
简单句+连接词+简单句
简单句
• 简单句的5个基本句型:
• 1.主(名词)谓(及物动词)宾(名词):I play games.
• 2.主(名词)谓(不及物):SБайду номын сангаасring comes.
• 5.主(名)谓(及物动词)宾(名)补:
• The music makes me sad.
并列句
• 主谓宾+并列词(and, or, but等)+主谓宾: • 常用的连接词有: • 表示顺承关系的:and, not only…but also(不仅….而且….)等。 • She not only gave us a lot of advice, but also helped us to overcome difficulties. • Linda tried to become an excellent teacher, and at last she succeeded. • 表示选择关系和否定条件的:or(还是,否则) • Wear your coat, or you’ll catch a cold. • Would you like some drink, coffee or tea? • 表示转折关系的有:but, yet等。 • He is young, but he works hard.虽然他年轻,但工作努力。 • 表示因果关系的:for, so 等。 • My leg hurts so I go to see a doctor. 我的腿疼,因此我去看医生。
英语句法 结构
实词 名词 动词
形容词 副词 代词 数词
词法 虚词 冠词 介词 连词 感叹词
语法
句法
句子成分
主语、 谓语、 宾语、 定语、 状语、 补语、 同位语
句型 简单句 并列句 复合句
句子种类 陈述句 疑问句 祈使句 感叹句 倒装句
一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 选择疑问句 反意疑问句
句子成分
• 一个句子可以分解成单词或者词组的组合,这些单词或词
复合句
复合句
主语从句
名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句
宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句
复合句——名词性从句
名词性从句:位置 不同所以名称不同
主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句

+ 谓(系) +
名词
及物动词
名词性从句
主语从句
宾(表) 名词 名词性从句 宾语从句 表语从句
同位语从句
复合句——名词性从句
例:名词性从句:that(引导词) he likes football(主谓宾)句子降级成句子成分,充当名词。 主语从句:That he likes football surprised us. 宾语从句:He said that he likes football. 表语从句:The fact is that he likes football. 同位语从句: 主语+同从+谓宾;主谓宾+同从 如:Jack,a young man , loves spring. Jack loves spring , one of the four seasons. The fact that he likes football surprised us. He states the fact that he likes football.
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