内容基本要求 定语从句（一）1. 定义2. 关系代词和关系副词 新概念二第20课动名词定语从句定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。

定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as 等。

关系副词有：when, where, why 等。

如：The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister.我们昨天看到的那个女孩是吉姆的姐姐。

The fish (which) we bought yesterday were not fresh.昨天我们买的那条鱼不新鲜。

1. 关系代词引导的限制性定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。

如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that 在从句中作主语）2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which/of whom 互换)如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose （of which the ） cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3）which, that 所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。

如：The package （which / that ）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。

2. 关系副词引导的限制性定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

关系副词when, where, why 的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。

如：There are occasions when （on which ）one must yield.第六讲定语从句（一）本讲内容语法考点任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why（for which）he refused our offer?3. 关系代词that的用法1）不用that的情况a）引导非限定性定语从句时。

如：（错）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b）介词后不能用。

如：We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物。

We depend on the land which we get our food from. 我们依赖土地获得食物。

2）只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况a）在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

b）在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

c）先行词有序数词、数词、形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。

d）先行词有the only, the very, all, any, no , much 等修饰时，只用that。

e）先行词既有人，又有物时。

4. 判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。

不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。

如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

热身练习一、用适当的关系词填空。

1. Do you know the lady is standing under the tree?2. This is the girl friends often come to see her.3. I live in the building is very near.4. I like my hometown I was born.5. I’ll never forget the day the Chinese team won.Key: 1. who 2. whose 3. which 4. where 5. when二、将下列两个简单句按中文意思合并成带有定语从句的句子。

1. 吉姆为我找到了我昨天丢了的那把钥匙。

Jim found me the key. I lost the key yesterday.Jim found me the key .2. 这就是那位救了那个男孩子生命的大夫。

This is the doctor. He saved the boy’s life.This is the doctor .3. 我认识一个女孩，她的父亲是模范工人。

I know the girl. Her father is a model worker.I know the girl .4. 昨天我收到的信是我父母寄来的。

The letter was from my parents. I received the letter yesterday.I received the letter yesterday.5. 怀特夫人照看的那个小孩病了。

The child is ill. Mrs. White takes care of the child. The childis ill.Key: 1. that I lost yesterday2. who saved the boy’s life3. whose father is a model worker4. which was from my parents5. whom Mrs. White takes care of1 动名词★2 without 通常表示“缺乏”、“没有”：I can't repair the car without your help. 没有你的帮助我无法修理这车。

当它位于动名词前时，它表示“不曾”、“不”：They tried to leave the restaurant without paying. 他们企图不付账就离开餐馆。

3 catch (caught, caught) v.抓到catch up with 追上catch a cold 感冒He was caught away by the policemen.catch the mouse.4 fisherman n.钓鱼人，渔民He earns his living as a fisherman. 他以打鱼为生。

★5 instead 有“作为替代”、“反而”等含义，一般以短语形式instead of 出现：Jack took part in the race instead of Tony. 杰克代替托尼参加了比赛。

副词instead 单独使用时一般出现在句尾：If you don't want a holiday in England, why don't you go to Australia instead?如果你不想在英国度假，那你为什么不去澳大利亚呢？6 boot n.靴子beat sb. out of his boots [口]彻底打败某人put the boot on the wrong foot 错怪,误解Your boots are very beautiful. Where did you buy them?★ 7 I am even less lucky. 我的运气甚至还不及他们。

新二第20课 One man in a boat New words and expressions Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours withoutcatching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermenare unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots andrubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything —not evenold boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. 'You must give up fishing!'my friends say. 'It's a waste of time.' But they don't realize oneimportant thing. I'm not really interested in fishing. I am onlyinterested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!less是little的比较级，意为“不及”、“不如”、“更少”：Tom has got little chocolate, and Jack has got even less. 汤姆只有一点儿巧克力，杰克则更少。

I spend less time on English than on French. 我花在英语上的时间比花在法语上的少。