第一部分计算机算法常用术语中英对照Data Structures 基本数据结构Dictionaries 字典Priority Queues 堆Graph Data Structures 图Set Data Structures 集合Kd-Trees 线段树Numerical Problems 数值问题Solving Linear Equations 线性方程组Fourier变换Bandwidth Reduction 带宽压缩Matrix Multiplication 矩阵乘法Satisfiability 可满足性Determinants and Permanents 行列式Linear Programming 线性规划Matching 匹配Constrained and Unconstrained Optimization 最值问题Clique 最大团Cryptography 密码Random Number Generation 随机数生成Shortest Path 最短路径recursion递归Factoring and Primality Testing 因子分解/质数判定Searching 查找Sorting 排序Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic 高精度计算Calendrical Calculations 日期Discrete Fourier Transform 离散Combinatorial Problems 组合问题Median and Selection 中位数Generating Permutations 排列生成Generating Subsets 子集生成Generating Partitions 划分生成Generating Graphs 图的生成Job Scheduling 工程安排Graph Problems -- polynomial 图论-多项式算法Connected Components 连通分支Topological Sorting 拓扑排序Minimum Spanning Tree 最小生成树Transitive Closure and Reduction 传递闭包Network Flow 网络流Eulerian Cycle / Chinese Postman Euler回路/中国邮路Edge and Vertex Connectivity 割边/割点Independent Set 独立集Drawing Graphs Nicely 图的描绘Drawing Trees 树的描绘Planarity Detection and Embedding 平面性检测和嵌入Vertex Cover 点覆盖Graph Problems -- hard 图论-NP问题Traveling Salesman Problem 旅行商问题Hamiltonian Cycle Hamilton回路Graph Partition 图的划分Vertex Coloring 点染色Edge Coloring 边染色Graph Isomorphism 同构Steiner Tree Steiner树Feedback Edge/Vertex Set 最大无环子图Computational Geometry 计算几何Convex Hull 凸包Triangulation 三角剖分V oronoi Diagrams V oronoi图Nearest Neighbor Search 最近点对查询Range Search 范围查询Point Location 位置查询Intersection Detection 碰撞测试Bin Packing 装箱问题Medial-Axis Transformation 中轴变换Polygon Partitioning 多边形分割Simplifying Polygons 多边形化简Shape Similarity 相似多边形Motion Planning 运动规划Maintaining Line Arrangements 平面分割Minkowski Sum Minkowski和Set and String Problems 集合与串的问题Set Cover 集合覆盖Set Packing 集合配置Approximate String Matching 模糊匹配Text Compression 压缩DP—Dynamic Programming动态规划Longest Common Substring 最长公共子串Shortest Common Superstring 最短公共父串String Matching 模式匹配Finite State Machine Minimization 有穷自动机简化第二部分数据结构英语词汇数据抽象data abstraction 数据元素data element 数据对象data object数据项data item 数据类型data type 抽象数据类型abstract data type 逻辑结构logical structure 物理结构phyical structure 线性结构linear structure非线性结构nonlinear structure基本数据类型atomic data type线性表linear list数组array 直接前趋immediate predecessor 队列queue串string 固定聚合数据类型fixed-aggregate data type 栈stack可变聚合数据类型variable-aggregate data type 树tree 图grabh查找，线索searching 更新updating 排序（分类) sorting插入insertion 删除deletion 前趋predecessor后继successor 直接后继immediate successor 双端列表deque(double-ended queue) 循环队列cirular queue 指针pointer 先进先出表（队列）first-in first-out list 后进先出表（队列）last-in first-out list 栈底bottom 栈定top压入push 弹出pop 队头front 队尾rear 上溢overflow下溢underflow 数组array 矩阵matrix 多维数组multi-dimentional array以行为主的顺序分配row major order 以列为主的顺序分配column major order三角矩阵truangular matrix 对称矩阵symmetric matrix 稀疏矩阵sparse matrix转置矩阵transposed matrix 链表linked list 线性链表linear linked list单链表single linked list 多重链表multilinked list 循环链表circular linked list双向链表doubly linked list 十字链表orthogonal list 广义表generalized list链link 指针域pointer field 链域link field 头结点head node 头指针head pointer 尾指针tail pointer 串string 空白（空格）串blank string 空串（零串）null string 子串substring 树tree 子树subtree 森林forest 根root 叶子leaf结点node 深度depth 层次level 双亲parents 孩子children 兄弟brother 祖先ancestor 子孙descentdant 二叉树binary tree 平衡二叉树banlanced binary tree满二叉树full binary tree 完全二叉树complete binary tree遍历二叉树traversing binary tree 二叉排序树binary sort tree二叉查找树binary search tree 线索二叉树threaded binary tree哈夫曼树Huffman tree 有序数ordered tree无序数unordered tree 判定树decision tree 双链树doubly linked tree数字查找树digital search tree 树的遍历traversal of tree 先序遍历preorder traversal 中序遍历inorder traversal 后序遍历postorder traversal 图graph子图subgraph 有向图digraph(directed graph) 无向图undigraph(undirected graph) 完全图complete graph 连通图connected graph 非连通图unconnected graph强连通图strongly connected graph 弱连通图weakly connected graph加权图weighted graph 有向无环图directed acyclic graph 稀疏图spares graph 稠密图dense graph重连通图biconnected graph 二部图bipartite graph 边edge 顶点vertex弧arc 路径path 回路（环）cycle弧头head弧尾tail 源点source终点destination 汇点sink 权weight 连接点articulation point初始结点initial node 终端结点terminal node 相邻边adjacent edge相邻顶点adjacent vertex 关联边incident edge 入度indegree出度outdegree 最短路径shortest path 有序对ordered pair无序对unordered pair 简单路径simple path 简单回路simple cycle连通分量connected component 邻接矩阵adjacency matrix 邻接表adjacency list邻接多重表adjacency multilist 遍历图traversing graph 生成树spanning tree最小（代价）生成树minimum(cost)spanning tree 生成森林spanning forest拓扑排序topological sort 偏序partical order 拓扑有序topological orderAOV网activity on vertex network AOE网activity on edge network关键路径critical path 匹配matching 最大匹配maximum matching增广路径augmenting path 增广路径图augmenting path graph 查找searching线性查找（顺序查找）linear search (sequential search) 二分查找binary search分块查找block search 散列查找hash search 平均查找长度average search length散列表hash table 散列函数hash funticion 直接定址法immediately allocating method 数字分析法digital analysis method 平方取中法mid-square method 折叠法folding method 除法division method 随机数法random number method 排序sort内部排序internal sort 外部排序external sort 插入排序insertion sort随小增量排序diminishing increment sort 选择排序selection sort 堆排序heap sort快速排序quick sort 归并排序merge sort 基数排序radix sort 外部排序external sort 平衡归并排序balance merging sort 二路平衡归并排序balance two-way merging sort多步归并排序ployphase merging sort 置换选择排序replacement selection sort文件file 主文件master file 顺序文件sequential file 索引文件indexed file索引顺序文件indexed sequential file 索引非顺序文件indexed non-sequential file直接存取文件direct access file 多重链表文件multilist file 倒排文件inverted file目录结构directory structure 树型索引tree index。