2.“ 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动 作或状态，并可能继续下去的动作或状态。
Eg. I haven’t seen her these days. She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago. They have lived here since 1990. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?
十五年。（表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教了）
用括号中所给的动词的适当形式完成下列句子。
1. Mary _______(lose) her pen. ______ you ______ (see) it here and there? 2. ______ you ______ (find) your watch yet? 3. ---Are you thirsty? ---NO, I ______ just _______ (have) some orange. 4. We ________already ______ (return) the book. 5. ______ they _____ (build) a new school in the village? 6. ---Has Tom taught you English? ---Yes, he ______ (teach) us English for two years. 7. I ______(not finish) my homework yet. Can you help me? 8. What ______ they _____ (do) with the newspaper? They have read them. 9. --- The door is open. Who ______ (open) it? Do you know? --- Sorry, I don’t know. 10. My father _____ (read) the novel twice.
二. have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法：
1、have (has) been in 表示“在某地（多长时间）”，现在仍在
那里。持续
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗来上海已经有三天了。
( ×) I have bought a new dictionary for a week. I have had a new dictionary for a week. ( ) 我买一本新词典已有一星期了。 ( ) They have been here for two days. ( ×) They have come here for two days. 他们来这儿已经两天了。 He has joined the League member for two years. ( ×) ( ) He has been a League member for two years. 他已入团两年了。
die — be dead
begin — be on close — be closed
get to know — know
open— be open arrive – be here/there
marry/get married (to)— be married (to)
fall asleep/get to sleep — be asleep join the Party — be in the Party/be a member of
They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。
2、have( has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里 了。影响
I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。
Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。 Have you ever been to Hangzhou before? 你以前曾经去过杭州吗？
在的情况：飞机在这儿）
The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中
以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）
I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿已
经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到
现在，还可能会继续。）
I taught here for fifteen years. 我过去在这儿教过
3. 这辆自行车我买了两年了。 had the bike for I’ve _____ _____ two years. 4. He left Nanjing two years ago. has been away from He _____ _____ _____ _____ Nanjing for two ye
注意
一.常用现在完成时的句型 This/It is the first/last/only + n.+ that+现在 完成时 This/It is the first/second…time that+现在 完成时 This/It is + adj.最高级(the best/worst/most interesting) +名词+that+现在完成时
持续”
与其搭配的时间状语(默认的时间结点在现在）
1.for（段时间）, since（过去点时间） 2.到目前为止/迄今： so far, till now, up to now 3.最近几个日、月、年以来：these days, in/ over/during for the last /past few years/months/weeks/days, through years…
③ She has already finished the work.
④ Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done
that already.
⑤ I’ve just finished my homework. ⑥ He has not come yet.
5. The monkey died last month. The monkey _____ _____ dead _____ for a month. has been 6. A: Hong long _____ you ____ ( D ) B: Two weeks. A.did,get ill B. have,fallen ill C. were,ill D. have,been ill
Thank you
完成时态的分类
• 现在完成时：站在现在回顾过去
1.表示“影响” 2.表示“持续”
• 过去完成时ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้站在过去回顾过去的过去
• 将来完成时：站在将来回顾此前发生的事 件
1“
影响”表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响
或结果. (多数需要结合上下文语境） Eg. I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。 （“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是 “衣服干净了”） I have just had my breakfast. (对现在的影响：不饿) 影响 近的影响
远的影响
经历
eg. I have visited your factory before.
与其搭配的时间状语： just（刚刚）, already（已经）, before, yet（一般 疑问：已经；否定句：还） never, ever
① I have never heard of that before. ② Have you ever ridden a horse?
**现在完成时**
现在完成时
构成：现在完成时是由助动词have（has）过去分 词 否定句：在have/has后加not.
一般疑问句：把have/has提到主语前.
动词的过去分词：规则变化（和过去时一样） 不规则变化
不规则变化：
am/is-was- been begin-began-begun are-were-been break-broke-broken
3、have (has) gone to 意为“到某地去了” 影响
----Where is Tom? ----He has gone to the bookshop. 他到书店去了。 Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。
三.一般过去时和现在完成时的区分 The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。（说明现
eg. I have been here for just over two years. He has worked here since 1989. 从1989年，他就在这工作 了。
动词
延续性动词
非延续性动词的否定时态 或转换为延续性动词
2.非延续性动词也称终止性动词，瞬间动词，
表示动作瞬间完成 例如： become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry …
√
√
√
The man has been dead for several years. The man has died for several years. 这个人已经死了几年了。
( ) ( ×)