Unit 9 referencing1.1 Pre-reading tasksWhy do we have to reference?When you reference correctly you are demonstrating that you have read widely on a topic. You are also supporting your hypothesis with comments from expert authors. This lends credibility to your own work. Also, by correctly referencing, you allow the marker or reader to follow-up your refer ences and to check the validity of your arguments for themselves. This is an important part of the academic process as it leads to student accountability.How do we usually reference? (In-text citation and reference list)How do we create a reference list?When creating a reference list, the sources should be listed alphabetically by author’s surname, should be left justified, and the references should never be preceded by a bullet-point or number. Where the author is anonymous or unknown for any one source, insert that source in the alphabetical list using the title of the source instead of the author’s name. All sources should be listed together; there should not be separate lists for books versus journal articles versus electronic sources. The reference list should be on a separate page from the rest of the assignment and should be simply titled ‘References’ or ‘Literature Cited’ and the t itle should be in the same font and size as the other headings in your assignment.How many referencing styles do you know? (APA, MLA etc)1.3.1 Differences between Science and MLAScience MLABook reference order of publisher and place.(publisher, place)Punctuation mark. Information issegmented by comma. Publisher,place and year in blanket.Example:J. B. Carroll, Ed., Language,Thought and Reality, SelectedWritings of Benjamin Lee Whorf(MIT Press, Cambridge, MA,1956)1. order of publisher and place.(place:publisher)Punctuation mark. Information issegmented by full stop.Example:McDonagh, Sean. Why are we Deafto the Cry of the Earth. Dublin:Veritas, 2001.Journal reference 1. Order of first name and lastname: first name. Last name2. Order of year and page: Page(year)3. Punctuation mark.4. Example: N. Tang, On theequilibrium partial pressures ofnitric acid and ammonia in theatmosphere. Atmos. Environ.14,819-834 (1980).1. Order of first name and lastname: Last name, first name.2. Order of year and page:(year):Page .3. Punctuation mark4. Example: Mann, Susan. "Mythsof Asian Womanhood." Journal ofAsian Studies. 59.1 (2000):835-62.1.3.2Science style MLA style2,6,7,8,91,3,4,5,102.1 Please fill out the blanks of the omitted information of the Science reference entry.1) First author first name __last name_, second author _first name__last name,paper title. _jounral_name.issue , _page_( _year_ ).2) _author first name_ last name_, book name ( __publisher_, New York, ed.3, ___year_), ____page__.[third edition]3)_first name. last name_, thesis, _university name_ (___year_).2.21）Man, Glenn K. S. "The Third Man: Pulp Fiction and Art Film." Literature Film Quarterly 21.3 (1993): 171-178. Print.2）Ferrer, Ada. "Cuba 1898: Rethinking Race, Nation, and Empire." Radical History Review 73 (1999): 22-49. Print.3)Mumford, Lewis. The Culture of Cities. New York: Harcourt, 1938. Print.4) Buss, A. H. Self-Consciousness and Social Anxiety. San Francisco: Freeman,1991. Print.5) Piper, Andrew. “Rethinking the Print Object: Goethe and the Book ofEverything.”PMLA 121.1 (2006): 124-38. Print3.11.S. Allen, PhD thesis, University College Dublin(2009).2.M. Wang,& K. Koda, Commonalities and differences in word identification skills among English second language learners. Language Learning. 55(1), 73-100 (2005).3. R. Zeelenberg, D. Pecher, Evidence for long-term language repetition priming in conceptual implicit memory tasks. Journal of Memory and Language. 49, 80–94 (2003).4. R. E. von Studnitz, D. Green, Interlingual homograph interference in German-English bilinguals: Its modulation and locus of control. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition. 51, 1–23 (2002).3.2 Please create a reference list of the following work information according to MLA style.References:Booth, David. Ed. Rethinking Social Development: Theory, Research and Practice. Essex: Longman, 1994.Mann, Susan. "Myths of Asian Womanhood." Journal of Asian Studies. 59.1 (2000): 835-62.McDonagh, Sean. Why are we Deaf to the Cry of the Earth .Dublin:Veritas，2001. O’Connor, John. "Towards a Greener Ireland.” Discovering Our Natural Sustainable Resources: Future Proofing, University College Dublin, 15–16 March 2009. Dublin: Irish Environmental Institute, 2009. 65 – 69. PrintWhen bilinguals read or listen to words in their second language (L2), information about words in their first language (L1) is also active (e.g., 1-3). From a developmental perspective, finding evidence for language nonselectivity even among highly skilled bilinguals is surprising. One might think that with increasing skill, learners become capable of functioning autonomously in the L2 (e.g., 4). However, recent evidence that demonstrates parallel activation of words in both languages during visual and spoken word recognition suggests that acquiring proficiency in a L2 does not imply that the individual has acquired the ability to switch off the influence of the L1. Furthermore, these cross-language influences are not limited to the effects of the L1 on the L2. Even when proficient bilinguals process words in their L1 alone—without any reason to believe that L2 is relevant—there are effects of the L2 on the L1 (e.g., 5,6).Despite the compelling evidence for parallel activation of both languages during lexical access in proficient bilinguals, very little research has addressed the consequences of cross-language activity in less proficient L2 processing. This question is the focus of the work we report here: What lexical information is active in the learner’s L1 during L2 processing? The present study investigates the influence of the L1 on the L2 during lexical processing in a laboratory setting.References:William R. Harvey, Signe Nedergaard, Sodium-independent active transport of potassium in the isolated midgut of the Cecropia silkworm. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.51, 731-735 (1964).1. A. Dijkstra, W. J. B. Van Heuven, The architecture of the bilingual word recognition system:From identification to decision. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition. 23, 175–197 (2002).2. D. Jared, J. F. Kroll, Do bilinguals activate phonological representations in one or both of their languages when naming words? Journal of Memory and Language.44, 2–31 (2001).3. V. Marian, M. Spivey, Bilingual and monolingual processing of competing lexical items.Applied Psycholinguistics. 24, 173–193 (2003).4. N. Segalowitz, J. H. Hulstijn, Automaticity in bilingualism and second language learning. In J. F. Kroll & A. M. B. De Groot (Eds)., Handbook of bilingualism: Psycholinguistic approaches ( Oxford University Press,Oxford.2005).5. J. G. Van Hell, A. Dijkstra, Foreign language knowledge can influence native language performance in exclusively native contexts. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 9, 780–789 (2002).6. I. Van Wijnendaele, M. Brysbaert, Visual word recognition in bilinguals: Phonological priming from the second to the first language. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance.28, 616–627 (2002).。