参考答案2000年4月份高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题参考答案Ⅰ.1.A 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.B 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.DⅡ.(10%) 16.transfer 17.OLD English 18.monolingual 19.semantically 20.extralinguistic/non-linguisticⅢ.21.D 22.F 23.A 24.J 25.B 26.C 27.I 28.E 29.G 30.H Ⅳ. 31.bound root 32.（head+tail）blinding 33.inflectional affix/morpheme34.a+n 35.full conversion 36.suffix 37.reversativ 38.prefix of degree 39.prefix 40.number prefixⅤ.41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes.43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context.45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language.Ⅵ.46.There are four types of motivation:1）Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc.2）Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc.3）Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc.4）Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc.47.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence with idiomatic expressions.48.Key points:definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure.Ⅶ.49.1）Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection （re+collect+ion）,nationalist（nation+al+ist）,unearthly（un+earth+ly）.2）Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3）All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.50.1）the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine（3分）2）proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking（1分）3）using an old saying is more persuasive（2分）4）the short form saves time, more colloquial（2分）5）indicates intimacy or close relationship（1分）2001年4月份高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题参考答案I．1．B 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.D 9.D 10.B 11.B 12.C 13.A 14.B 15. CII. 16. Stylistic 17.monolingual 18.semantic opposition 19. degradation 或 pejoration 20.productivity and collocabilityIII.21. I 22. C 23. F 24. B 25. E 26. D 27. J 28. G 29. H 30. AIV. 31. adverb idiom/ idiom adverbial in nature 32. conceptual meaning33. conceptual meaning 34. n+v-ed 35. Backformation 36. n+v 37. bound root 38. Prefix 39. bound root 40. inflectional affix/morpheme V. 41. Specialized dictionary refers to a dictionary which concentrates on a particular area of language or knowledge. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)42. Collocative meaning is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)43. Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer.44. the minimal meaningful unit of a language.45. the language used in England from 450 to 1150.VI. 46. 要点： Radiation Concatenationi) primary meaning i) first senseii）次要意义由主要意义辐射 ii）由此意义连续转换；特点为链接iii）名词语义互不依赖 iii）最后意义与第一意义失去联系的迹象47. 要点：（1）break up an idiom into pieces（2分）（2）an unusual case of using idioms（1分）（3）in literature or popular press for special effect（1分）注：语言扣分不得超过1分（语法扣1分，拼写扣0.5分）48. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion. For example, 'pretty' and 'handsome' share the conceptual meaning of 'good looking', but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with: pretty handsomeVII.49. 答案要点1）Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.（2分）2）Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.(3分)3）In this sentence, 'pen' reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; 'sword' reminds one of the weapon to fight with, thus suggesting war.(4分)50.要点：（1）it is ambiguous（2分）（2）ambiguity caused by the structure（2分）（3）stop drinking can be understood as1）police stop drinking by themselves (1分 )2）police stop people drinking (1分)（4）improvement（3分）1）The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.2）The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.1．1．B 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．B 9．B l0．D ll．C l2．C l3．D l4．B l5．D Ⅱ．l6．French l7．degradation18．indication l9．semantic20．1exicalⅢ．21．C 22．F 23．D 24．A 25．I 26．J 27．H 28．B 29．E 30．G Ⅳ．31．inflectional suffix 32．clipping33．blendin934．collocative35．affective／pejorative 36．compoundin9／composition37．acronymy／initialism 38．suffix39．Drefix 40．stylistic／neutralV．41．(1)extra．1inguistic context=non-linguistic context = physical situation (2)includes people，time，place，even the whole cultural background 42．Prefixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems．43． Semantic change means mn old word form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need·44．conceptual meaning is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word meanin9．45．the opposite of widening meanin9．A process by which a word of wide meaning acquires a narrower or specialized meanin9．V1．46．(1)an idiom may consist of more than one word，each has its meanin9，and part of speech·(2)has a single meaning(3)functions as one word—equivalent(4)In many ca8es，illogical relationship between the literal meaning of the constituent word and the meaning of the whole idiom．47．(I)difference in denotation(2)difference in connotation ．(3)difference in application48．(1)Basic word stock possesses five obvious characteristics，but nonbasicvocabulary doesn’t(2)Basic word stock forms the common，core of the language，whereas nonbasic vocabulary deesn’t belong to the common core of the language．V11．49．(1)Each of the three words consists of three morphemes，dishearten(dis+heart+ca)，idealistic(ideal+ist +ic) unfriendly(an+friend+ty) (2)of the nine morphemes，only heart，／dea／and friend are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves·(3)All the rest dis-，-en，-ist，-ic，-un and-ty are bound as none of them call,stand alone as words.50． (1)Collocation refers to the words before or after the word in discussion，and coUocative meaning consists of the associations the word acquires in its collocation．(2)Words with the same conceptual meaning may have different meanings due to the range of words they may aycollocate with．In other words，collocation call affect the meaning of words．(3)For example，‘pretty’and‘handsome’share the conceptual meaning of‘good lookin9’．but are distin． guished by the range of nouns they collocate with2008年4月Ⅰ1.A 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.A 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.B Ⅱ16.inflectional 17.prefixes 18.sense 19.semantic 20.negative Ⅲ21.G 22.J 23.A 24.I 25.B 26.D 27.C 28.F 29.E 30.H Ⅳ31. extra-linguistic factors-- psychological reason32. derivational affix/prefix33. extra-linguistic context34. derivational affix/prefix35. blending36. extra-linguistic context37. lexical context of linguistic context38. bound root39. extra-linguistic factors-- class reason40. compoundingⅤ41．Creation refers to the formation of new words by using the existing materials, namely roots, affixes and other elements.42. Free morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences. They are identical with root words.43. The word-meaning which is suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion.44. A semantic process in which each of the later meanings is related only to the preceding one like chains.45. The meaning of a word that is influenced by the structure in which it occurs.Ⅵ46. Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to sterms.(1分) Suffixes generally change the word class.(1分) For example, “economy” is a verb, but “employer” becomesa noun when the suffix –er is added to the stem “employ”.(1分)47. 1）compiled on the principle of semantic field;(1分)2）some 15,000 items classified into fourteen semantic fields of a practical everyday nature;(1分)3）subfields also included;(0.5分)4）semantically related words defining one another(0.5分)48.pig/pork, sheep/mutton(1分)In old English, animals and their meat shared the same name. with the Norman Conquest and borrowing of corresponding French words, the English words were kept only for live animals and the French words for the animals killed and brought to the table.(2分)Ⅶconic is derived from Lacons (1分), a tribe of people who were known for their “brevity of s peech” (2分) and for their habit of never using more words than necessary. (2分) So laconic means “brief or short” (1分)，which is etymologically motivated.(1分) “A laconic answer” thus is “a short answer”. (1分)50. 1）“too many cooks”, from “Too many cooks spoil the broth”. (3分)2）In the situation of disorder or chaos, when everyone tries to direct, the speaker manages to control the situation. (2分)3）The use of the short form indicate the informal situation. (2分)4）This sentence implies the speaker and listeners are working or colleagues. (1分) ．。