By the time I got home, she had already gone to bed.
2.到晚上时消息已传遍全球。
By the evening the news had spread through the world.
3. 他走以后我找到了那封信。
I found the letter after he had gone away.
6:00
7:00
现在
By the time I got up, my sister had already washed all the clothes.
By the time my mom came back home, I had cleaned up the yard.
My little brother went to bed
2、常用在宾语从句中
① He told me he had already finished his homework.
② I realized he had fooled me again 3、体现在上下文中 I didn’t go to the movies yesterday because I had seen it twice.
(1) She said she had 表示过去某 taught English for 6 years. 时之前发生 (2) By the time I 的动作。 got to London, she had gone to America.
现在完成时: 主语 + have / has done 过去完成时: 主语 + had done
By the time I got outside, the bus ____ had already ___. left
When I got to school, I realized I had ___ left ___ my backpack at home.
Translation
1.我到家时她已经睡了。
8:00pm now
9:00pm
I got home
By the time I got home, my little brother had gone to bed.
The teacher came into the classroom
8:00am
8:15
now
I got to scot to school, the teacher had come into the classroom
• 1. She had written a number of books _____ the end of last year. • A. for B. in C. by D. at • 2. He ____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old. • A. had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano • C. has learned, the piano D. learns, piano. • 3. What ______ Annie ____ by the time he was ten? • A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done • 4. He ___ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army. • A. has worked B. works • C. had worked D. will work
过去完成时
Grammar Focus
1. Past perfect Tense 过去完成时 构成：had＋过去分词
2. 表示过去某一时刻 或动作之前
也就是说发生在“过去的过去”。
已发生或完成的动作或呈现的状态。
过去完成时态的用法：
1. 常由by或before, when引导的短语或从句做
时间状语或时间状语从句 by 到……时候为止 by the end of last week 到上周末为止 by that time 到那时为止 before that year 那年之前 before I arrived 在我到达之前 ①By the end of last year, I had learned about one thousand English words. ②When I got there, they had already left.
By the time she got outside, the bus had already left.
By the time she got outside, the bus had already left.
她出去的时候，公共汽车已经开走了。
By the time… 到……的时候为止 后接过去时的句子时, 主语的谓语动词用过去完成时态。
• • • • • • • • • •
5. By the end of last week, they ___ the bridge. A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed 6. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt 7. She ______lived here for ______ years. A. had, a little B. have, a little C. had, much D. has, a great number of 8. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already. • A had cooked B. cooked • C. have cooked D. was cooked
had learned 1. We ___________(learn) two thousand words by the time I went to Middle School. 2. I had known him when I was a student. (know)
3. When we _______(arrive) at the station, they arrived _________(wait) for more than twenty minutes. had waited 4. One of the men didn’t move, because he __________ had broken (break) his legs.
4.我们到电影院晚了,电影已经开始了。 We reached the cinema late. The film had already begun.