常用动词的
started
play leave say go be take get
played left said went was/were took got
played left said gone been taken gotten
break speak drive see eat give know grow
口语练习 1.a.I got up. My brother was in the shower already. had gotten b.By the time I got up,my brother ____________ in the shower already. 2.a.I ran outside to the bus stop. The bus was gone. b. By the time I ran outside to the bus stop, the bus had already gone. 3.a.I got home. I realized that my homework was still at school. b. When I got home,I realized that I had left my homework at school.
had worked for ten 7.By six o’clock they ____________ hours.(work) 8.I went to Nick’s house,but he ____________ had gone out.(go) hadn’t understood 9.I ________________ the problem when class was over. (not understand)
No, 主语 + hadn't.
—Had he told you to go there earlier yesterday? 他昨天告诉过你早点儿到那儿吗？ —Yes, he had. / No, he hadn't. 是的，他告诉了/不，他没有。
3.疑问词＋had ＋主语＋过去分词＋…？ 4. 被动语态形式：had + been + 过去分词。 如： When I got there, the windows had been broken.
By the end of……
2006
2011
learn 4000 English words
By the end of 2006,
I had learned 4000 new words.
had learned 1. We ___________(learn) two thousands words by the time I went to Middle School. had known (know) him when I was a 2. I ___________ student. arrived 3. When we _______(arrive) at the station, had waited they __________(wait) for more than twenty minutes.
The Past Perfect Tense 过去完成时 1.过去完成时的构成
助动词 had (用于各种人称和数) + 过去分词 When I got to school, the bell had rung.
2. 过去完成时的用法:
主要是表示在过去某个时间,或是动 作之前已经发生或完成的动作.也就 是过去的过去.
The plane had taken off when I reached the airport. By the time I got up , my brother had left home.
1. 否定形式：had + not + 过去分词 (had not照样可缩写hadn't)。 2.一般疑问形式：had提到句首， 回答用 Yes, 主语 + had.或
broke spoke drove saw ate gave knew grew
broken spoken driven seen eaten given known grown
By the time I got outside, the bus had already left.
Tom run away
4. One of the men didn’t move, because he had broken __________ (break) his legs.
had written 5.By yesterday evening he _______________ that important letter.(write) had met the man before.(meet) 6.I thought I _______
The Past Perfect Tense 过去完成时
3. 常用的几种方式: 用介词by, before 等构成的时间短语. We had learnt 20 English songs by the end of last month.
用连词when, before, after或者短语by the time 引导的时间状语从句.
the policeman get to the shop
By the time the policeman got to the shop, Tom had run away.
Speaking--freely : By the time… or
When…
the concert be over
Liu Mei wake up
By the time Liu Mei woke up, the concert had been over.
Li Ming grow up
his grandma come from America
By the time his grandma came from America, Li Ming had grown up.