高中英语语法通霸3：独立主格结构和with的复合结构考点1.独立主格结构的构成A.独立主格结构可以看作是把一个分句破坏了谓语前面我们学过，两个分句放在一起而不用句子连词连接只以逗号隔开，这样的句子是错误的（参看P. 错误！未定义书签。
错误！未找到引用源。
）。
His homework was finished, he went out to play.×这时，我们可以把一个分句的谓语破坏掉，把其谓语变成非谓语或不用动词。
上句可以变为：His homework finished, he went out to play.这样，这个分句被破坏后就成了独立主格结构。
独立主格结构可以使句子更简练，有利于表达复杂内容。
破坏谓语的方法：含有be的，把be去掉（主系表结构表原因的，be也可变为being）；不含be的，谓语和主语是主动关系的，把谓语变为现在分词；是被动关系的，把谓语变为过去分词；谓语表将来动作的，变为不定式。
练习：合并下列句子，把画线句子改为独立主格结构。
1.His wife was ill. He had to stay at home.2.He arrived at home. His face was red.3.My homework was finished. I went out to play footballwith my friends.4.I rode a bike along the street. My dog was following me.5.I had to stay at home. A lot of homework had to be done.6.It rained last Sunday. I had to stay at home.B.独立主格结构的构成①名词(代词)+现在分词（与前面构成主动关系）Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.②名词(代词)+过去分词（与前面构成被动关系）The test finished, we began our holiday.③名词(代词)+不定式（表将来）He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food.④名词(代词)+副词The game over, the crowd rushed tothe exit.⑤名词(代词)+形容词A hunter came in, his face red withcold.⑥名词(代词) +介词短语Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.⑦名词(代词) +名词The villagers, most of them womenand children, were killed that night. 考点2.with的复合结构与独立主格结构的区别和联系看下面两个句子：①W ith the traffic light green, the bus got moving.（前面粗体部分是with的复合结构）②The traffic light green, the bus got moving. (前面粗体部分是独立主格结构)可以看出，作状语时，独立主格结构和with的复合结构在用法上是相同的，可以通过添、去with相互转换。
但是作定语时，常用with的复合结构。
The woman with a baby on her back is my aunt.背上背孩子的那个女的是我阿姨。
在独立主格结构中，当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均可以不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。
但 with 的复合结构不受限制。
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.A policeman ran after him, with a stick in his hand.1.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the newly-electedpresident is having a hard time. A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled2.With all the magazines I needed ______, I left the postoffice.A. buyingB. to buyC. boughtD. to be bought3.With electricity ______, we couldn’t drive the machine.A. was cut offB. being cut offC. cut offD. having cutoff4.Everything ______ into consideration, they believedthemselves more and returned to their positions. A. to takeB. takenC. to be takenD. taking5.______ more and more forests damaged, some animals andplants are facing the danger of dying out. A. AsB. ForC.WithD. By6.【2010山东】The living room is clean and tidy, with adining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked.A. laidB. layingC. to layD. being laid7.Many students ______ around, I explained the story intodetails.A. stoodB. standingC. to standD. were standing8.【2012辽宁】The old couple often take a walk after supperin the park with their pet dog ______ them.A. to followB. followingC. followedD. follows9.Tom looked at Jenny, tears ______ his eyes, and shoutedthe words ______ in his heart for years.A. filling; having been hiddenB. filled; hiddenC. filling; hiddenD. filled; hiding10.With the boy ______ the way, we had no trouble ______the way ______ to ZhongshanPark.A. leading; finding; leadingB. to lead; found; to leadC. led; finding; ledD. leading; found; led11.______, he had to stay at home q329950885 looking afterher.A. Being illB. His wife was illC. His wife being illD. Because he was ill12.______,John returned to school from his hometown.A. The summer vacation being overB. The summervacation is overC. Because the summer vacation overD. After the summer vacation being over13. The old sick goat lay on the ground, its eyes ______ and itslegs ______.A. closed; trembledB. closing; tremblingC. closed; tremblingD. closing; trembled. 14. 【2012全国新课标】The party will be held in the garden,weather ______.A. permittingB. to permitC. permittedD. permit 15. We left the meeting, there obviously ______ no point instaying.A. wereB. beingC. to beD. having 16. All flights ______ because of the snowstorm, manypassengers could do nothing but take the train. A. were canceledB. having been canceled C. had been canceledD. have been canceled 考点3. 独立主格结构与定语从句由关系词引导的定语从句要有完整的谓语，而独立主格结构则没有完整的谓语，且不需要连接词。
17.He wrote a lot of novels, none of ______ translated into aA. themB. whichC . itD. what 18. You can use a large plastic bottle, ______ cut off, as a potto grow young plants in.A. the top isB. the top of whichC. whose topD. with its top 19. 【2008湖南】The growing speed of a plant is influenced bya number of factors, ______ are beyond our control.A. most of themB. most of whichC. most of whatD. most of that 20. The English mayors, most of ______ girls, seldom win inthe sports competitions.A. themB. whomC. theyD. the 21. To find out, Frisch built special hives, ______ only onehoney-comb.A. each withB. each hasC. each is withD. each of which having 考点4. 独立主格结构与状语从句状语从句要有完整的谓语，而独立主格结构则没有完整的谓语。