History[edit]Ogilvy & Mather was founded in 1948 by David Ogilvy. After a short and successful career in sales Ogilvy had been employed in London in 1935 by his brother Francis Ogilvy at the British ad shop Mather & Crowther which had been founded by Edmund Mather in 1850.[1] Mather & Crowther sent David Ogilvy to the US in 1938. Following a ten year gap during which time he worked in research, for British Intelligence during WWII and a sabbatical period, Ogilvy in 1948 started a US agency with the backing of Mather & Crowther, who by then had merged with the Benson agency group in the UK. Ogilvy opened his US shop as "Hewitt, Ogilvy, Benson, & Mather" in Manhattan with a staff of two and no clients.[2] The company became a leading worldwide agency by the 1960s.[citation needed] Central to its growth was its strategy of building brands such as American Express, BP, Ford, Barbie, Maxwell House, IBM, Kodak, Nestlé, Cadbury and Unilever brands Pond's and Dove.[3]Ogilvy & Mather was built on Ogilvy's principles, in particular, that the function of advertising is to sell and that successful advertising for any product is based on information about its consumer.His entry into the company of giants started with several iconic campaigns: "The man in the Hathaway shirt"with his aristocratic eye patch; "The man from Schweppes is here" introduced Commander Whitehead, the elegant, bearded Brit,bringing Schweppes (and "Schweppervesence") to the United States.; "At 60 miles an hour the loudest noise in this new Rolls-Royce comes from the electric clock"; and "Pablo Casals is coming home – to Puerto Rico", a campaign that Ogilvy said helped change the image of a country and was his proudest achievement. "Only Dove is one-quarter moisturizing cream". This campaign helped Dove become the top selling soap in the U.S.In 1989, The Ogilvy Group was purchased by WPP Group.Clients[edit]Ogilvy & Mather board has produced work for a wide range of leading brands, including:American Express (since 1962)[5]British American Tobacco (since 1981)[5]Amway (since 2009)[6]Coca-Cola Company (since 2001)[7]Louis Vuitton (since 2006)Controversies[edit]Ogilvy caused some controversy in 2004 when a reportedly discarded video advertisement for the Ford SportKa hatchback began spreading virally via email. The 40-second video, which shows a lifelike computer-generated cat being decapitated by the car's sunroof was apparently rejected by Ford, but still made its way onto the internet, sparking outrage among bloggers and animal rights groups.[22][23]Ogilvy also has been involved with the notorious Asia Pulp & Paper, a large logging company that has been convicted of illegal logging in three countries, and recently has built roads illegally into the last remaining habitats of the critically endangered Sumatran Tiger, but spent large sums on global advertising campaigns claiming 'sustainability beyond compliance'.[24]In 2005, Shona Seifert and Thomas Early, two former directors of Ogilvy & Mather, were convicted of one count of conspiring to defraud the government and nine counts of filing false claims for Ogilvy over-billing advertising work done for the U.S. Office of National Drug Control Policy account. In an e-mail, Seifert stated "I'll wring the money out of [the ONDCP], I promise". Seifert and Early were sentenced to 18 and 14 months in prison, respectively. Seifert also was ordered to pay a $125,000 fine, in addition to writing a "code of ethics" for the ad industry as part of 400 hours of community service. Ogilvy & Mather repaid $1.8 million to the government to settle a civil suit based on the same billing issues and continues to produceanti-drug spots for the government.[25][26][27][28]Ogilvy Government Relations, a wholly owned subsidiary of Ogilvy Public Relations, is credited with playing an instrumental role in killing the controversial 2005 bid by Chinese oil company CNOOC to buy Unocal Corporation, which would then go on to merge with Chevron Corporation, an OGR client.[21]The company was involved with a controversy in May 2009 when a Clio Award was given to a campaign for the A & E History Channel. One of the associated images compared the American deaths at Pearl Harbor with the Japanese deaths after the bombing of Hiroshima.[29]In September 2010, An Ogilvy & Mather produced radio ad for ARCO a U.S. based oil and gasoline company caused a controversy when the advertisement which used a sped up version of the Emergency Alert System header tones caused EAS decoders at radio stations across the country to unmute and activate causing a false emergency message to be sent out to monitoring television and radio stations as well as local cable systems which had their programming locked out and replaced with the primary EAS station's emergency message which in this case ended up being the ARCO ad. The situation came to a head when one radio station reported that it's EAS decode activated at least 5 times during the week because of the ARCO ad. The Society of Broadcast Engineers issued an alert bulletin to all broadcasters warning them about the ad.[30]Initially the Federal Communications Commission had issued Notice of Apparent Liability to several radio stations untilit was discovered that the ads were the culprit and the header tones were most like downloaded by producers from the Internet. Ogilvy and Mather and ARCO pulled the ad and apologized. The FCC is investigating whether or not Ogilvy and Mather violated FCC Regulation CFR 47 11.45 which states "No person may transmit or cause to transmit the EAS codes or Attention Signal, or a recording or simulation thereof, in any circumstance other than in an actual National, State or Local Area emergency or authorized test of the EAS".In 1972 Ogilvy & Mather, Sydney first developed the line "Don't Leave Home Without It" as a means of educating Australians how to use the country's first credit card. Created by Ian Latham and David Prentice.[citation needed] Three years later in 1975, the line was adapted by Ogilvy & Mather New York to "Don't Leave Home Without Them' ad campaign for American Express Traveler's Cheques, featuring Oscar Award-winning actor Karl Malden. The "Don't Leave Home Without It" slogan was revived in 2005 for the prepaid American Express Travelers Cheque Card. After Malden's departure, American Express continued to feature celebrities, including Jerry Seinfeld, Martin Scorsese, Robert De Niro, Wes Anderson, Ken Watanabe, Ellen DeGeneres and Conan O'Brien.In 2003, Ogilvy and Mather released the infamous Miller Lite Catfight campaign. The ad, which featured two very beautiful women (Tanya Ballinger and Kitana Baker) first fighting in a fountain and later in a mud pit, was well received by males and made the girls instant celebrities, but generated significant controversy over its depiction of women. Further controversy was generated over an uncensoredversion of the ad, which ended in the two muddy girls falling in love and kissing.In 2007, Ogilvy Stockholm developed the "Animals in the Womb" campaign for Ford Flexifuel, which was nominated for the Cannes Lion Award and for the Guldägget Award in 2008.[citation needed]历史[编辑]由大卫·奥格威，奥美成立于1948年。