1、( A )fluctuate with market conditions of supply and demand.A. Tramp ratesB. Liner freight ratesC. Fixed costsD. Stowage factors2、Freight forwarders are mainly concerned with( C ).A. market pricesB. variable costsC. tramp ratesD. liner freight rates3、( C )refers to the average number of cubic meters required to stow one ton of a commodity.A. MaintenanceB. ScoresC. Stowage factorD. Commodity4、An additional sum added to the usual amount or cost is called( D ).A. expenseB. costC. rateD. surcharge5、(A)refers to general cargo listed in a number of Bill of Lading each consisting of different commodities.A. Break bulk cargoB. Containerized cargoC. BoomD. Recession6、A shipping note is issued by(C)to the carrier requesting allocation of shipping space.A. the carrierB. the agentC. the shipperD. the port authorities7、A sea waybill is the replacement of the traditional ocean ( B )A. letter of indemnityB. bill of ladingC. cargo manifestD. master's receipt8、Which of the following documents is a commitment made by the shipper to ship the goods and to serve as a basis for preparation of the bill of lading? ( D )A. A manifestB. A shipping noteC. A seaway billD. A cargo manifest9、Which of the following can be subsequently exchanged for the bill of lading?( D )A. Letter of indemnityB. Mate’s receiptC. Cargo manifestD. Master’s receipt10、Which document provides the information relating to the voyage such as name of vessel，port of shipment/trans-shipment/destination，and terms of contract?( A )A. Bill of ladingB. A stowage planC. A cargo manifestD. mate's receipt11、Even though the basic components are more or less the same,( A ) of the components varies from agreement to agreement.A. the allocationB. the distributionC. the combinationD. the levels12、Among the cost factors，which factor depends on the size of the business generally and the engagement in the individual vessel?(D)A. Capital costsB. Costs of insuranceC. Travel costsD. Administrative costs13、In a contract of carriage，who may direct a claim against the parties involved in the charier agreement?( D )A. The shipperB. The MasterC. Third partiesD. The owner14、If some components are not discussed or inserted into the written contract, the problem can be solved through ( A )A. the court or arbitratorB. the third partyC. the carrierD. the shipper15、According to the article，( D)is the key point which can settle the most disputes between the parties in the long term contactA. the good business modelB. good cooperationC. good market shareD. negotiation假如你是A货运代理有限公司海外拓展部业务员，通过FIATA得知美国的A海运有限公司负责代理当地的众多从中国福建启运的FOB货，你司想成为A公司在福建的合作伙伴，试写一封函电，表明你司的合作意图，并介绍你司的情况阐明你司的优势。

然后对厦门到美西航线的五个港口进行报价，编制报价单。

Dear sirs,Though the courtesy of FIATA, We are given to understand that you are one of responsible for the local agent of many Fujian shipping FOB goods from China.Our company was established in 1990 and has been involved in international container freight forwarding business for almost 27 years. We will go to enter into business relations with your company on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. We would be greatly honored if you could appoint us to be your partners in Fujian.We hereby provide our best guotion for west coast as follow:We are expecting your early reply.十大班轮公司马士基Maersk、地中海MSC、达飞CMA CGM、美国总统APL、长荣EVERGREEN、赫伯罗特Hapag-Lloyd 阿拉伯联合航运船公司UASC 东方海外OOCL 阳明Shipping companies, terminal operators and ports are in front of very changing and uncertain situations. Port and maritime markets are no longer stable because the forces that act over this environment are continuously changing. Technological progress, logistic integration and new associated organizational structures are constantly remodelling the port and maritime industry and companies are trying to cope with this situation.船公司、码头运营商和港口现处于非常变化和不确定的情况中。

也是因为这种不断变化的环境下，港口和海上市场不再是稳定的。

相关技术的进步,物流一体化和新组织结构的不断改造使得港口和海上工业及企业正在努力应对这种情况。

For a long period of time, shipping companies thought that the only way to compete with their rivals was to exploit bigger ships. Thisunilateral concentration on operational costs proved its' limits. The essence of shipping companies' existence gradually moves from pure navigation operations to complete logistic solutions.在很长一段时间,航运公司认为与竞争对手竞争的唯一方式是利用更大的船只。

这单方面浓度运营成本证明了它的限制。

航运公司的存在的本质逐渐从纯粹的导航操作完整的物流解决方案。

Each carrier is trying to give an answer to this change of pattern. By using different forms of integration in the supply chain, shipping companies are trying to generate profit, to accelerate the operations on sea, in the port and the ones on land and to create a favourable environment. For the moment, terminal operators are concentrating on developing the level of operations. It is clear that global terminal operators focused their attention from a local port level to a port network level, meaning that the effects of the terminal network must be exploited to the maximum.每个航空公司正试图给出答案的变化模式。