第五单元知识点归纳总结Section A (1a-2d) 知识提纲一、词形转换1. environment n. 环境→ adj. environmental 自然环境的，有关环境的2. leaf n. 叶，叶子→复数（pl.）leaves3 wide adj. 宽的，宽阔的→ adv. widely 广泛地，普遍地widen v. 拓宽4. compete v. 竞争competition n. 竞争competitor n.竞争者5. celebrate v. 庆典，庆祝celebration n. 庆典，庆祝6. Germay n. 德国German adj 德国的；德国人的n. 德语二、短语1. be known for 以.....闻名= be famous for2.be made of 由…制成be made from 由……制成3. be made by 由…所制造4. be made in + 地点产于某地5. all over the world 全世界6. by hand 手工地7. be good for 对……有益8. on the side of the mountains 在山边上三、词法和句法1. be made of “由......制成” 主语为制成品of 后接原材料,制成品能看见原材料。
近义词：be made out ofbe made from “由......制成”主语为制成品from后接原材料，成品看不见原材料。
be made in + 地点某物产于某地The desk is make of wood . 桌子是由木头做的。
Paper is make from wood . 纸是由木材做的。
The kind of watch is made in Shanghai .这种手表产于上海。
2. as far as I know 据我所知据我所知，李先生已经去美国了。
As far as I know, Mr. Li has gone to America.3. both ...and ... ......和......都......，不但...而且... 连接主语时, 动词为复数。
not only... but also... 不但...而且... 连接主语时, 动词就近原则。
either...or... 或者......或者...... 连接主语时, 动词就近原则。
neither...nor... 既不......也不...... 连接主语时，动词就近原则。
____Tom____Jack know my address . They often drop by my homeA. Not , butB. Both , andC. Either , orD. Not only , but also4.It seems that... 看起来似乎...seem + adj.seem to do sthIt seems that he is going to leave here . 似乎他要离开这里。
= He seems to leave here .Section A 3a-4c 知识提纲（P35-36）一、词形转换1. produce v. 生产，制造→n.product 产品2. France n. 法国→adj.French法国的 3.Germany n. 德国→adj.German 德国的二、词法和句法1. search for 搜寻，寻找相当于look for2.no matter 不论，无论后接特殊疑问词how / when / where /which/who/what = 特殊疑问词+ ever 表示“无论怎样/ 何时/哪里/哪个/谁/什么”引导让步状语从句。
No matter what he does , I believe him . = Whatever he does , I believe him .3. hardly adv. = seldom= scarecely几乎不表示否定含义I can hardly hear you , ?4. avoid v. 避免，回避avoid doing sth . 避免做某事You should avoid ______such a mistake . (make)5. be good for 对......有益be good at 擅长......be good with sb. 与......和睦相处be good to 对......好6. everyday adj. 每天的，日常的every day 每日，每天相当于频率副词，做时间状语。
He reads everyday English every day . 他每天都读日常英语。
7. continue v. 继续，连续continue to do sth . 继续/ 接着做另一件事情continue doing sth . 继续做原来的事情After he finished reading a novel , he continued to play games with hisfriends . 他读完小说后跟朋友们继续玩游戏。
8. find (found , found ) v. 发现，发觉✍ find it + adj. + to do sth .I find it very difficult to learn English well . 我觉得学好英语很难。
✍ find it + adj. + that-clause 是一个复合句，it是形式宾语，that从句是真宾语。
I find it relaxing that I can lie on the beach我发现我能躺在海滩上很令人放松。
✍ find sb. doing sth . 发现某人正在做某事I found some boys swimming in the river . 我发现一些男孩正在河里游泳。
Section B1a-2b 知识提纲（P37-38）一、词形转换1. international adj. 国际的→ n. internation 国际2. celebrate v. 庆祝→n. celebration 庆典，庆祝活动3. live v.生活→ adj. lively 生气勃勃的4. history n. 历史→ adj. historical 历史的5. complete adj. 完整的，完全的→adv. completely 完全地，完整地二、短语1. find out 弄清楚，查明2. go on vacation (to)去度假3.turn into 变成4. according to 根据，按照5.in trouble 在困境中6.be covered with 被……覆盖7.put on 穿上；增加体重；张贴put off 推迟put aside 把放在一put down (飞机等)着陆，降落；让某人下车；写下，记下；镇压8. ask for 要求9. such as for example namely三、词法和句法1. Have / has been around 这是习语，意思是“已经存在”Poetry has been around for centuries . 诗歌已经存在几个世纪了。
2. allow v. 允许，准许allow doing sth 允许做某事allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事be allowed to do sth . 被允许做某事It’s not allowed to smoke here . 这儿不允许吸烟。
e v. 使用used to do sth. 过去经常做某事use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事。
be used to do sth. 被用来做某事be / get used to + n. / pron. / doing sth . 习惯于做某事be used for doing sth . 用来做某事= be used to do sth .4.It took me about half an hour to get to the airport .I spent two yuan buying / on the pen .The pen cost me two yuan .四．单元语法被动语态1.语态概念：语态是表示主语和谓语二者关系的一种动词形式。
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
2.语态分类：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
例如：Many people speak English. 主语people 是动词speak的发出者。
例如：English is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。
3. 被动语态的构成be＋及物动词的过去分词。
其中be有人称、时态和数的变化。
不及物动词本身没有被动语态。
4. 各种时态被动语态的构成一般现在时：am／is／are + v-ed 一般过去时：was／were + v-ed现在进行时：am / is / are + being + v-ed 过去进行时：was / were + being + v-ed 一般将来时：will / shall + be + v-ed 现在完成时：have / has + been + v-ed 过去完成时：had + been + v-ed 含有情态动词: 情态动词＋be + v-ed 5. 主动语态变被动语态的方法1). 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
2). 把主动语态的谓语变为be + v-ed 形式。
3). 把主动语态的主语变为by 短语.（① by 短语可以省。
② by 短语后跟代词的宾格。
）They make shoes in that factory.→Shoes are made by them in that factory.6. 被动语态的用法(1) 动作的了出者是谁不知道。
Some new computers were stolen last night. (不知道电脑是谁偷的)(2) 说明发出者没必要 The blouse is made of silk. (没有必要说明谁做的）(3) 动作的承受者需强调。
The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。