中考英语专题复习二-------名词了解名词的含义和分类及用法名词的概念：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如：door, apple, China, air等。
名词分为：______名词和______名词两大类。
普通名词又分为_______名词和_______名词两种。
考点一：不可数名词1、不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，它们不能直接和表示数字的词或不定冠词连用，也没有_______形式。
常考的不可数名词有：news（新闻）, information（信息）, 建议________, 天气________, 家庭作业____________, 时间_______, 钱__________, 纸___________，音乐___________等。
2、不可数名词可以借助______来表示一定的数量。
但也可以用much（许多）, some/any（一些）,a little(一点点),little (几乎没有) plenty of（很多）, a lot of(=lots of)（许多）等修饰不可数名词。
一则新闻： a piece of news ; 两瓶水：two bottles of water ; 四条建议________________________ ;六张纸_________________ ；你能借给我一些钱吗？Could you lend me__________________? 【中考真题再现】( ) 1. All the _____ are made of ______ , not plastics.A. glass; glassB. glasses, glassC. glasses , glassesD. glass, glasses( ) 2. Jenny gave us ____ on how to improve English.A. some advicesB. many advicesC. some adviceD. an advice考点二：可数名词单数变为复数的几条规律1、一般直接加-s: 比如：girl---__________map---_________2、以-s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾的单词常在词尾加—es: 比如：bus—_______ brush---_______3、以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i，再加—es: 比如：story---_______ baby---_______4、以--o结尾的名词变复数常有下列2种变化：①【口诀：黑人和英雄正在吃士豆和西红柿。
】说明：Negro(黑人)，hero(英雄),potato(土豆)，tomato(西红柿)，这四个名词变复数时，在词尾加-es。
②其它以o结尾的名词一般加-s,radio_______ zoo______ kangaroo__________(袋鼠) photo________(照片) kilo_________(千克)和“fe”结尾，一般改 f 或fe 为v,再+es5、以“f”【口决：树叶多半自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮。
架后窜出一只狼，就像盗贼逃命忙。
】说明：leaf(树叶)，half(半)，self(自己)，wife (妻子)，knife(刀子)，shelf(架子)，wolf(狼)，thief(盗贼)，life(生命) 这九个名词变复数时都要变f或fe为v, 再加-es。
比如: leaf_______ half ________ myself_________ wife________ knife__________6、【可数名词变复数名词的不规则变化】1)改变单数名词中的元音字母或其它形式。
①foot—_______ (脚) tooth---_______ (牙齿) ②goose—______ (鹅) woman ---______ (女人)③man ---_______ (男人) ④child ---_______ (孩子) ⑤mouse ---_______ (老鼠)★与man 和woman构成的合成词，两部分都要变成复数形式。
e.g.: woman doctor ---wom en doctor s（女医生）man driver—men driver s (男司机)2)巧记某国人单复数常有下列三种变化。
①Chinese (中国人)---- _______ Japanese(日本人) ----_______②将man 变为men Englishman---___________ Frenchman---_______③其余全在后面加s German---___________American---_________Indian—_______Canadian----_______Australian----_________【口诀：中日友好是一致，英法联盟a变e, 余国词尾添s。
】【中考真题再现】( ) 1. They are from ____ . They’re _______.A. Germany; GermansB. Germans ; GermanyC. German; GermanyD. Germany; Germen ( ) 2. ---Could you take ______ for these______? -- They are very beautiful.A. any photos; tomatoesB. some photos ; tomatoesC. some photos; tomatosD. any photo; tomatoes( ) 3. How many _____ are there in the international village?A. ChineseB. RussianC. AmericanD. Germen3)有些名词只有复数形式。
_______ (人们) _______ (裤子) _______ (衣服) _______ (长裤) _______ (短裤)_______ (眼镜) _______ (袜子) _______ (鞋子) scissors(剪刀)7、有些名词虽然以s结尾却表示单数。
如：_______ (消息，新闻) _______（草）_______ (政治) _______ (物理)8、即可做可数名词也可做不可数名词：①room“房间”，可数There are five rooms here.“空间”，不可数Can you make room for the old woman?②chicken“小鸡”，可数I think chickens can swim.“鸡肉”，不可数Help yourself to some chicken.③orange“橘子”，可数There are a few oranges on the tree.“橘子汁”，不可数Would you like another bottle of orange?经历”，可数It is a wonderful experience to travel to Beijing.④experience ““经验”，不可数He has much experience after working so many years.⑥work“作品”，可数The works of Luxun(鲁迅)are very popular.“工作”，不可数I have a lot of work to do today.⑦exercise“练习”，可数Doing morning exercises is good for your health.“锻炼”，不可数You must take enough exercise.⑧time“次数”，可数We have meals three times a day.“时间”，不可数Let’s hurry! There’s littletime left.⑨★glass“玻璃杯”，可数There are two glasses of milk on the table.“玻璃”，不可数Glass can be made into bottles⑩paper“报纸, 试卷”，可数Please help me hand out the papers“纸张”，不可数Please give me a piece of paper.01.】29. —What can I do for you?—Err, I want a glass of milk, some bread and_________.A. some chickensB. any chickensC. some chicken02.Would you like some ______? ---Yes, please. I’m a little thirsty. A. bread B. meat C. beef D. orange03.If you don’t take more ________, you’ll get fat. A. medicine B. exercise C. lessons04.Could you move over a little and make some ________ for me? ------Sure, please.A. placeB. seatC. roomD. ground05.He had something to write down and asked me for ________.A. a paperB. some papersC. some pieces of papersD. a piece of paper06.I have ____ to do this evening. A. a lot of works B. many work C. a lot of work D. someworks07.You’d better do morning ________ every day. It’s good to do lots of ________.A. exercise, exerciseB. exercises, exerciseC. exercise, exercisesD. exercises, exercises08.Do you like __? --No. I prefer rose, the color of your dress.A. orangeB. orangesC. carrotD. carrots9. 名词做定语作定语的名词用单数（man和woman除外）1. 1）一棵香蕉树五棵香蕉树一位男教师七位男教师2）（2010 攀枝花）It’s said that more than 100will attend this meeting in Shanghai.C men teachersD womans teachersA man teachersB woman teacher’s2. a shoe shop一家鞋店 a bike factory 一家自行车工厂01.【2014黔西南州】____ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are____ teachers. A. A number of; women B. A number of; woman C. The number of;women D. The number of; woman02.【2013广西贺州】—What kind of porridge would you like, Alice?I would like ______.A. egg porridgeB. eggs porridgeC. fish porridgesD. fishes porridge03.There are three ________ assistants in that ________ shop.A. women, shoeB. woman, shoeC. woman, shoesD. women, shoes04.The music made me think of the ___ of a running stream（溪流）.A. shoutB. noiseC. voiceD. sound05.【2014甘肃白银】The boy didn’t sleep well last night because of the ______ from the factory.A. voiceB. noiseC. musicD. song06.How well she sings! --Yes, she has a very sweet ___. A. voice B. sound C. noise D.mouth07.Loud noise may cause hearing ________ for a short time or even for ever.A. resultsB. questionsC. accidentsD. problems08.【2013山东泰安】23. The food safety is a serious_______ in our country. We should try tosolve it. A. subject B. program C. problem D. opinion数词+名词单数+形容词”构成复合形容词，做前置定语10．“数词+名词单数”““数词+名词单数”做前置定语相当于时间名词的所有格形式三天的假期 1 2 六个月的英语课程 1 2“数词+名词+形容词”1 一个8/18/80/11岁的人2一篇800词的作文 3.一座30米宽的桥 4.一栋40米高的楼房11.专有名词专有名词大致五类，人名、地名、时间名、报刊名、单位团体名。