Unit 1●Part Two Reading centered activitiesPre-readingReading Comprehension1.Understanding the structure of the passagePara.1-4 c para.5-7 a para.8-11 b para.12-13 d2. 1) They would stare at them.2) He felt embarrassed/ ashamed3) He never let on.4) He usually walked there with the help of his son5) He was pulled on a child’s sleigh to the subway station6) He like basketball, dances, and parties7) He asked them to sit down and fight with him.8) He was proud of his son9) He missed him very much and was sorry for what he had thought about him.10) He learned to have a good heart from his father.3. 1) C 2) A 3) C 4) B 5) D 6) A 7) B 8) C 9) D 10) A4. Understanding the reference Words.1)the difficulty in coordination the steps2)whether a person has a good heart3) a good heart4)the baseball team5)sat down to fight6)what the son has achieved7)sensed8)the reluctance to walk with him●Vocabulary1. 1) urged2) halted3) bother4) embarrassed5) adjusted6) complain7) kid8)engage9)subject10)saw to it that11)coordinate12)participate2.Word-buildingpatiencebitternessfortuneknowledgeablereluctantentrancecomplaintenviousmemorablefrustration1)bitter2)fortunate3)patience4)memorable5)reluctant6)entrance7)complaints8)envious9)knowledgeable10)frustration●Translation1.He walks slowly because of his bad leg.2.He came to the meeting despite his serious illness.3.He saw to it that the same mistake didn’t happen again.4.Now that they’ve got to know each other a little better, the get along just fine.5.Then I found myself surrounded by half a dozen boys.6.I send you my best wishes on this happy occasion.●Part Three Further development3.What is love?1)causes2)offers3)to4)not5)tell6)calls7)attracted8)discovers9)weak10)disappointed11)distance12)out●Part Four Writing and Translation2. Translation Practice1.From Chinese into English1)support a big family2)care for her children and parents3)pay for his children’s education4)after years of diligent research5)the financial burden on his shoulders6)She has a golden heart/ a heart of gold and loves people around her.7)My father has never bought any toys and candies for my younger brother and me, but Iknow he loves us.8)My parents do their best to meet our needs and always keep their promises.2.From English into Chinese1)他从来不感到疲劳，非常喜欢干活，而且说话不多。

2)有她陪在身边我很高兴并感到安全，尤其是在天气不好的时候。

3)从他那里得到的一切我们都很感激，而且下决心要努力学习来报答他。

4)她常常给我们讲一些很有趣的故事，而且从这些故事中我能能够知道自己该什么，不该做什么。

Unit 2●Part Two Reading centered activitiesPre-readingReading Comprehension1.Understanding the main idea of the passage1)different2)problems3)communication4)translator5)trust6)acceptance7)exaggerate8)superlatives9)metaphors10)generalizations11)unsupportive12)literally13)rethink14)translate2.Understanding Specific Information1) F 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) T 6) F 7) T 8) T 9) T 10) T●V ocabulary1.1) mess2) repeat3) mislead4) intends5) tend6) exaggerates7) frustrating8) misinterpreted9) acceptance10) trust2. Step One1) f 2) c 3) a 4) k 5) I 6) e 7) h 8) j 9) g 10) b 11) dStep Two1)conveyed/ conveyed2)assistance3)encounter4)conflict5)emphasis6)reacted7)recognize8)manner9)assumed/assume10)emerged/emerges11)ignore3. 1) out 2) on 3) with 4) of 5) In 6) in 7) to 8) on 9) At 10) of●Translation1.I went to the dentist yesterday to have a bad/decayed tooth pulled out.2.The development of things depends fundamentally on internal causes.3.All roads lead to Rome.4.I meant/intended to give you that book today, but I forgot to bring it with me.5.I was on the verge of accepting his advice.6.Divorce is not a matter you can afford to take lightly.●Part Three Further development4 .A Letter for JamesDear James,How are you?very busyto get readyplayfriendswongreatgot memobile phonegotta goPlease write back.●Part Four Writing and Translation4.Translation Practice1)Misunderstandings are very common in our daily lives.They will cause problems and unnecessary trouble: ruin friendships, bring misery.2)There are many ways to avoid misunderstandings1.Do not use words that may have double meanings.2.Express ideas and pronounce words clearly.3.Emphasize the main points.4.Don’t pretend to understand when you don’t.5.Ask for clarification when not clear about the meaning.6.Be aware of the gender differences in communication.3)Many misunderstandings can be avoided if we are careful enough. Life withoutmisunderstandings will be better and happier.Unit 3Part TwoPost-reading●Reading Comprehension1.Understanding the Organization of the Text1)Introduction (para.1)Each person has the potential to win in his own way.2)The meaning of “winner” and “loser”(Par. 2)A winter is one who responds genuinely by being trustworthy and responsiveA loser is one who fails to respond genuinely3)Few people are winners and losers all the time.(Par.3)4)Winners (Par. 4-7)Characteristics of a winner:A. A winter is genuineB. A winner is not afraid to do his own thinking and to use his own knowledge.C. A winner is flexible.D. A winner has a love for life.E. A winner cares about the world and its people.5)Losers (Para. 8-10)Possible causes: Poor nutrition, cruelty, unhappy relationship, disease, continuingdisappointments, and inadequate physical care.Characteristics of a loser:A. A loser lacks an ability to appropriately express himself through a full range ofpossible behavior.B. A loser has difficulty giving and receiving love.2.Understanding Specific Information1) C 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) C●V ocabulary1.1) appreciateA.感激B. 欣赏，赏识2 ) CapacityA. 容量，容积，容纳力B. 能力，力量，才能3)channelA. 频道B. 把---导向，引导，集中4)contributeA. 捐献，捐赠，贡献出B. 有助于，促成5)flexibleA. 有弹性的，柔韧的B. 灵活的，可变通的6) guiltA. 罪，罪行B. 内疚，自责，悔恨7) potentialA. 潜在的，可能的B. 潜力，潜能8) rigidA. 硬的，不易弯曲的B. 严格的，刻板的2．achieve---achievementdepend---dependencecruel---crueltygenuine---genuinenessaware---awarenesscapable---capabilityexpect---expectationlimit---limitationunique—uniquenessrespond—respons-edisappoint---disappointmentbehave—behavior1) expectation 2) limitations 3) capability 4) achievement 5) response 6) awareness 7) behavior 8) disappointment 9) cruelty 10) dependence3. 1) entered into 2) channeled ---into 3) holds/held back4) unaware of 5) separates---from 6) referred to ---as7) lived up to 8) calls for 9) contributes to 10) sees/ saw ---as Translation1. Lack of confidence contributed to his failure.2. She has shown great courage in the face of her serious illness.3.We came to the conclusion that she was telling the truth.4.His secretary failed to tell him about the meeting.5.Learning languages isn’t just a matter of memorizing words.6.Once she has made her decision, no one can hold her back.7.It’ll be difficult to live up to the standards set by our captain.8.The scientist referred to this discovery as the most exciting new development in this field.Part FourWriting and Translation2. Translation Practice1)Failure is the mother of success.2)Any man who is afraid of failure will/can never win.3)Success means that you enjoy/love and are good at doing what you are doing now.4)One who is eager to win will not necessarily win quickly.5) A successful person doesn’t ask for things from others. On the contrary/ Instead, he will askhimself: “ What can I leave to this world?”6) A real winner is someone who makes the greatest contributions to the society, not the one whois the richest, or the most famous.3. WritingSome people say that winning means being rich, some say winning means being powerful, and other think winning means being happy. I think winning means doing what you should do and being good at it. Most of us can only live in this world for no more than 70 or 80 years. We shouldn’t think too much about what we can get form this world. Instead, we should think about what we can leave in this world. The one who can make more contributions to the world is a real winner. For example, cleaning the street is a humble job in many people’s eyes, but in my opinion, street cleaners can also be great winners. They make our city more beautiful. They give us a better environment and consequently a better life. But, on the contrary, some people make money at the cost of the environment. Some are even worse: they cheat or kill others in order to gain power or earn money. Winners or losers? It’s time to g ive it a second thought.Unit 4Part TwoPost-ReadingReading Comprehension1. Understanding the Organization of the Text1)Introduction (Para. 1-2)The term placebo is introduced: when it is prescribed and what it is.2)The study of the placebo(Para.3-7)i)The placebo works because the human mind fools itself.ii)The placebo makes the wish to get better become reality.iii)The doctor70 percent or the peopleonly 25 percent of the people3)seasickness, coughs, colds, pain after an operationnothing at allThe first group showed no changes from the way old people in that village had always been.a placeboThe second group had much better health and a lower death rate.a real drug which was intended to help with the problems of old age.The third group showed much the same results as the group that took the placebo.4)if the placebo can have bad effects it should never be used.2. Understanding Specific Information1) Yes 2) No 3) Maybe 4) Yes 5) Yes 6) No 7) Yes 8) Maybe●V ocabulary1.1) A. a substance used for treating illness, especially a liquid you drinkB. the treatment and study of illness and injuries2) A. an act of firing a gunB. an injection of a drug3) A. the part of a spacecraft in which astronauts live and workB a plastic container shaped like a very small tube with medicine inside4) A. become whole and sound, return to healthB. cause to become mentally or emotionally strong again after a bad experience5) A. a particular way of behaving towards someone or of dealing with them.B. a method that is intended to cure an injury or illness.6) A. the process of cutting into someone’s body to repair or remove a part that is damagedB. the process of making a machine or system work7) A. a person or their particular problem that a doctor is dealing withB. a situation that exists, especially as it affects a particular person or group8) A. make someone think that a particular thing is true; indicateB. tell someone your ideas about what they should do, where they should go, etc.2. 1) a 2) e 3) f 4) d 5) g 6) h 7) c 8) b●Translation1)All I can say is that we are extremely sorry.2)In many cases regulations alone will not work.3)He is highly likely to succeed because of his intelligence and diligence.4)She stared at me as if I were a stranger.5)It is reported that three people were injured in the traffic accident yesterday.6)I feel angry at the way he (has) treated me.7)The patient is much the same this morning as he was yesterday.8)I’d like to stay (at) home this evening rather than go out.Part FourWriting And Translation2) Translation practiceA: What are you doing?B: I’m reading a magazine, Psychology.A: Well, it must be fun to learn something about psychology.B: You bet. Psychology has broad applications in our daily life.A: For example…?B. For example, people can’t resis t the temptation to buy clothes on sale; patients feel much betterafter they’ve taken some placebos.A.Wait, …wait. I don’t think it has anything to do with psychology.B.It does have something to do with psychology. People can’t help buying clothes on salebecause they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy.Patients who have taken some placebos feel much better because they constantly tell themselves that they will become better, and their strong will makes the wish to get better become reality.A: Oh, I see. Does psychology also play a role in such cases as talking with friends and listening to fast music?B.Yes, talking with friends can be relaxing, and listening to fast music can make peopleenergetic or dynamic. According to psychology, these are god ways of keeping a distance from depression and pressure.3. WritingSample 1Psychology plays an important role in our daily life. Our feeling and attitudes color the way we behave. Confidence is a good example.In reality, a great number of people complain that they are not able to do something or that their difficulties are too great to overcome. In some cases, this may be true. But in other cases, it means that these people allow themselves to get discouraged.For example, a confident man can accomplish many things. If you have confidence, you believe you can do things well. You might not always do as well as you hope, but you will try harder the next time. A man who lacks self-confidence might not be able to complete simple tasks. Without confidence you are likely to be nervous, unsure of yourself and confused about what to do and how to do it. You may think you will fail, so as a result you will not try hard enough.As the old saying goes, where is a will, there is a way. In other words, if you have the will or the determination to do something, you will always find a way to do it. Having confidence is an important part of our life.Sample 2In our daily life, we often have to buy things. Most of us cannot really distinguish good quality form bad quality. Obviously we can see if an apple is rotten, but we cannot always see if something is well made. What thoughts make us buy things?A women may decide to buy a particular style of dress because several of her friends choose that style. She wants to be like her friends. A man might decide to buy a particular coat because it is expensive. He thinks that since it is expensive it must be of good quality. A student who has alot of money might decide to buy a jacket because it was designed by a well-known designer. Wearing a jacket with the designer’s name on it makes him feel important.These are not the logical reasons for buy things, but they explain the motivation behind people’s actions or behav ior. It means that psychology or our mental state plays an important role in many aspects of our daily life.Unit5Part TwoPost-Reading●Reading Comprehension1. Understanding the Organization of the TextI Introduction: Questions concerning dreams have puzzled human beings. (para.1)II Dreaming and sleeping (para. 2-3)1) When does dreaming occur?When we are in REM sleep.2) What are the main purposes of sleeping?To give us rest and to allow us to dream.III Possible causes of dreams (para. 4-6)1)PhysiologicalExample: Sleeping with one’s feet too close to a heater may cause one to dream of walking on hot coals.2)Reflection of inner fearsExample: Worrying about losing one’s job may cause one to dream of losing one’s job.IV Dreaming interpretation (para.7-9)1)The earliest dream dictionary included symbols such as drinking wine to indicate a short lifeand drinking water to indicate a long life.2)Artemidorus’ dictionary includes symbols such as right hand (father), left hand (mother) anddolphin (a good omen).3) Most experts warn that dream interpretations should be treated with care.2 Understanding Specific Information1) T 2) T 3) T 4)T 5) F 6) T 7) T 8) T 9) F 10) F●V ocabulary1 1) explanation 2) enthusiasts 3)frustrating 4)popularity 5) unconscious6) electrical 7) movements 8) recognizable 9) interpretation 10) countless2 Task A1) asleep 2) sleepless 3) sleep 4) sleepy 5) asleep 6) slept 7) sleeping, sleep8) sleeperTask B1)submerged: (cause to) go below the surface of the sea, river or lake （使）浸没，淹没2)subculture: the behavior, practices, etc. associated with a group within a society亚文化3)submarine: a special type of ship which can travel under water潜水艇4)subway: (BrE) a path for people to walk under a road or railway地下通道; (AmE) a railwaythat runs under the ground地铁5)subzero: (of temperatures) below zero零度以下的6)Subtropical: related to an area near to a tropical area, or typical of that area副热带的，亚热带的7)subspecies: a subdivision of a species（物种的）亚种8)subnormal: below an average or expected standard, especially of intelligence低于正常的3. 1) progressed 2) puzzled 3) process 4) reflected 5) predict 6) advances 7) symbol 8) ancient 9) error 10) conscious 11) analysis 12) innerTranslation1 You will see that what I am saying now will come true.2 The lecture was so boring that half (of) the students fell asleep.3 The problem of unemployment is tied up with the development of new technology.4 His appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize him.5 The castle dates back to the 14th century.6 She has never done anything for them, whereas they have done everything they can for him.Part Three Further Development1 V ocabulary Review1) A natural: not involving anything made by people天然的，自然的B neutral: (of colors) not very strong or bright不鲜艳的，暗淡的C natural: normal; usual正常的，惯常的D neutral: not saying or doing anything that would encourage or help any of the groupsinvolved in an argument or war.中立的，不偏不倚的2) A shattered: (cause to ) break suddenly into very small pieces（使）粉碎B crashing: hit something or someone extremely hard while moving, in a way that causes a lotof damage or makes a lot of noise 撞击C cracked: do something with a sudden sharp noise 劈啪地响D crashed: a violent accident involving one or more vehicles（汽车的）撞车事故；（飞机的）失事E crack: (cause to ) break without dividing into separate parts（使）开裂3) A ancient: of or from a long time ago, having lasted for a very long time, or very old古代的，远古的，古老的B early: near the beginning of (a period of time), or before the usual, expected or planned time 早的，早期的C previous: happening or existing before the one mentioned先前的，以前的4) A sign: something which shows that something exists or is happing迹象B symbols: a shape or design that is used to represent something such as an idea象征C signal: a sound or action that you make in order to give information to someone or tell themto do something信号D signs/symbols: a standard mark that is used to represent something符号，记号5) A view: state of seeing or being seen from a particular place视野，视域B vision: power of seeing; sight视力C vision: a picture in one’s mind of a possible situation or scene（对一可能情况或场景的）构想，设想；念头D outlook: your general attitude to life and the world（对生活、世界的）观点，见解E view: personal opinion or attitude观点，看法6) A errors/mistakes: things done incorrectly through ignorance or wrong judgment错误，失误B fault: if something bad that has happened is your fault, you should be blamed for it 过错C error: a moral wrong道德上的错误D fault: something that is wrong with a machine, system, design, etc., which prevents it from working properly故障E mistake: (by mistake) if you do something by mistake, you do it without intending to错误地，（并非故意）7) A confused: unable to think clearly迷惑的，糊涂的B confusing: difficult to understand, puzzling令人迷惑的8) A conscious: noticing the existence or presence of something particular意识到的，知道的B unconscious: in the state of having lost consciousness 失去知觉的C subconscious: present at a hidden level of the mind 潜意识的，下意识的D consciousness: the state of being awake, thinking and aware of what is happening around you 意识，神志清醒2 Matching Symbols with Interpretations1)d 2) k 3) a 4) j 5) G 6) h 7) c 8) l 9) e 10) f 11) I 12) b13) Falling down from a high place: It may predict a heart attack.14) Eating spoiled（馊的）food: It may predict a stomach problem.15) Choking（窒息）: It may be caused by using a quilt that is too heavy.More symbols and their interpretations:Being dead: The dreamer may experience a new start in life.Getting lost on a journey: The dreamer is unable to see the future.Finding a lot of money: The dreamer is about to find out something hidden about himself.Wild animals: The dreamer feels attacked and wants a chance to show his real power and strength.Part Four Writing and Translation2 Translation Practice梦是心灵的谈话人类至今尚未开启通往梦的世界的大门。