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WHEN与WHILE用法区别

WHEN与WHILE用法区别
when, while这三个词都有"当……时候"之意,但用法有所不同,使用时要特别注意。

①when意为"在……时刻或时期",它可兼指"时间点"与"时间段",所引导的从句的动词既可以是终止性动词,也可是持续性动词。

如:
When I got home, he was having supper.我到家时,他正在吃饭。

When I was young, I liked dancing.我年轻时喜欢跳舞。

②while只指"时间段",不指"时间点",从句的动词只限于持续性动词。

如:While I slept, a thief broke in.在我睡觉时,盗贼闯了进来。

辨析
①when从句与主句动作先后发生时,不能与while互换。

如:
When he has finished his work, he takes a short rest.每当他做完工作后,总要稍稍休息一下。

(when = after)
When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun.当我到电影院时,电影已经开始了。

(when=before)
②when从句动词为终止性动词时,不能由while替换。

如:
When he came yesterday, we were playing basketball.昨天他来时,我们正在打篮球。

③当从句的谓语是表动作的延续性动词时,when, while才有可能互相替代。

如:While / When we were still laughing, the teacher came in.正当我们仍在大声嬉笑时,老师进来了。

④当从句的谓语动词是终止性动词,而且主句的谓语动词也是终止性动词
时,when可和as通用,而且用as比用when在时间上更为紧凑,有"正当这时"的含义。

如:
He came just as (or when) I reached the door.我刚到门那儿,他就来了。

⑤从句的谓语动词如表示状态时,通常用while。

如:
We must strike while the iron is hot.我们应该趁热打铁。

⑥while和when都可以用作并列连词。

Mike is tall while his brother is short.迈克的个子很高,然而他弟弟很矮。

Mary was on her way home when two big boys stopped her.玛丽正走在回家的路上,这时两个大个子男孩拦住她
when和while引导的时间状语从句与这一时态连用。

所以区别when和while的用法成了这一单元的难点。

(一)、when,while都有“当……时候”的意思。

when既可表示某一点时间,也可以表示某一段时间。

在when引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是非延续性的,可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生,也可在其后发生。

例如:
1、I was just reading a book when she came into my room. 她走进我房间时,我正在看书。

2、Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老师进来的时候,你在写信吗?
3、When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas. 他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。

(二)、while只能表示某一段时间,不能表示某一点时间。

在while引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语动词只能是延续性的,而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。

例如:
1、While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him. 正当吉姆修自行车时,林涛来看他。

2、You can’t do your homework while you’re watching TV. 你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。

(三)、另外,when和while的区别还在于:while引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态,而when引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态。

例如:
1、While they were talking , the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候,上课铃响了。

2、I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening. 昨天晚上妈妈回家的时候,我正在做家庭作业
when,while 显然都可以引导时间状语从句,但用法区别非常大。

一、when可以和延续性动词连用,也可以和短暂性动词连用;而while只能和延续性动词连用。

① Why do you want a new job when you've got such a good one already?(get为短暂性动词)你已经找到如此好的工作,为何还想再找新的?
②Sorry,I was out when you called me.(call为短暂性动词)对不起,你打电话时我刚好外出了。

③Strike while the iron is hot.(is为延续性动词,表示一种持续的状态)趁热打铁。

二、when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生;while
从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。

1.从句动作在主句动作前发生,只用 when。

①When he had finished his homework,he took a short rest.(finished 先发生)当他完成作业后,他休息了一会儿。

②When I got to the airport,the guests had left.(got to后发生)当我赶到飞机场时,客人们已经离开了。

2.从句动作和主句动作同时发生,且从句动作为延续性动词时,when,while 都可使用。

①When /While we were dancing,a stranger came in.(dance为延续性动词)当我们跳舞时,一位陌生人走了进来。

②When /While she was making a phonecall,I was writing a letter.(make 为延续性动词)当她在打电话时,我正在写信。

3.在将来时从句中,常用when,且从句须用一般时代替将来时。

①You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.在我读完这本书后,你可以借阅。

②When the manager comes here for a visit next week,Ill talk with him about this.下周,经理来这参观时,我会和他谈谈此事。

三、when用于表示“一……就……”的句型中(指过去的事情)。

sb.had hardly(=scarcely) done sth.when...=Hardly / Scarcely had sb.done sth.when...
①I had hardly /scarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.=Hardly / Scarcely had I closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.我刚一闭上眼,就有人在敲门了。

②I had hardly /scarcely entered my room when the telephone rang.=Hardly /Scarcely had I entered my room when the telephone rang.我刚一走进房门,电话就响了。

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