2019高考英语总练习学案第1讲：冠词冠词是用在名词前面，说明名词所表示的人或事物的词。
冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。
英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词(theDefiniteArticle)，另一种是不定冠词(theIndefiniteArticle)，还有一种是零冠词(ZeroArticle)。
不定冠词a(an)与数词one同源，是“一个”的意思。
a用于辅音音素前，一般读作[]，而an那么用于元音音素前，一般读做[en]。
【一】不定冠词的用法【完成例句】(1)门口有个警察。
Thereisapolicemanatthedoor.【结论1】不定冠词用在单数可数名词前表示“某一个”。
【翻译句子】(2)Acarmustbeinsured.汽车一定要上保险。
(3)Asoldiermustobeyorders.军人必须服从命令。
【结论2】不定冠词用在单数可数名词之前，表示“某一类”，强调“任何一个，每个”。
【完成例句】(4)房间里有个箱子。
这个箱子很重。
Thereisaboxintheroom.Theboxisheavy.【结论3】不定冠词用于头一次出现的单数名词之前。
【完成例句】(5)她是个老师。
Sheisateacher.(6)我们都认为他是适合做这个项目的人。
Weallthoughthimasuitablepersonforthejob。
【结论4】不定冠词和名词连用表示泛指。
【完成例句】(7)汽车以每小时60公里速度前进。
Thecarisrunningatthespeedofsixtykilometersanhour.(8)他每月回家3次。
Hereturnshomethreetimesamonth.【结论5】不定冠词可以用在价格、速度、比率等短语中。
【完成例句】(9)他想买架柯达相机。
HewantstobuyaKodak.(10)他是我们班里的活雷锋。
HeisaLeiFenginourclass.(11)这是这个城市中的非常漂亮的一座桥。
Thebridgeisamostbeautifuloneinthecity.(12)那起可怕的事故发生在一个星期天。
ThatterribleaccidenthappenedonaSunday.【结论6】①不定冠词可以用在专有名词前。
②不定冠词用于某些抽象名词前表示“一个……式的人/物”。
③不定冠词用于序数词前……“又一，再一。
”④不定冠词用于姓氏和星期前，表示“某一，有一”。
【完成例句】(13)你可以休息一下。
Youcantakeabreak.(14)事实上这是只猫。
Asamatteroffact,it'sacat.【结论7】不定冠词用于某些固定短语中。
【二】定冠词的用法【翻译句子】(15)Mothercutthemeatintoslices.妈妈把肉切成了片。
【结论1】定冠词和名词连用，表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。
【翻译句子】(16)Thehorseisausefulanimal.马是一种有用的动物。
【结论2】定冠词用于可数名词前，表示一类人或东西。
【完成例句】(17)我昨天接到了一封信。
那封信是用电子邮件发送的。
Igotaletteryesterday.Theletterwassentbye－mail.【结论3】定冠词用于第二次出现的名词之前。
【完成例句】(18)他正在调查这场大火的起因。
Heisinvestigatingthecauseofthefire.【结论4】定冠词用于有词组或者定语从句修饰的名词前。
【完成例句】(19)他们在纪念死者。
Theyareinmemoryofthedead.(20)富人们喜欢这种食物。
Therichlikethiskindoffood.【结论5】定冠词用于某些名词或者形容词前，表示一类人，一个民族，阶级或阶层。
【翻译句子】(21)请把门关上。
Pleaseclosethedoor.【结论6】定冠词用于指说话双方都知道的人或事。
【翻译句子】(22)地球绕着太阳转。
Thesunmovesaroundtheearth.【结论7】定冠词用于世界上独一无二的事物名词前。
【翻译句子】(23)第三组是最好的。
Thethirdgroupisthebest.【结论8】定冠词用于序数词前表示顺序。
【完成例句】(24)这是我所读过的书中最有趣的一本。
ThisisthemostinterestingbookIhaveeverread.【结论9】定冠词用于形容词和副词的最高级前面。
【完成例句】(25)他在弹钢琴。
Heisplayingthepiano.(26)她擅长吹长笛(flute)。
Sheisplayingtheflute.定冠词在play后和乐器连用。
【结论10】【完成例句】(27)布莱克一家是1994年来中国的。
TheBlackscametoChinain1994.【结论11】定冠词与姓氏的复数形式连用，表示一家人。
【三】零冠词的用法【完成例句】(28)伊丽莎白二世是英国女王。
ElizabethⅡ，sheisqueenofEngland.(29)他当选为协会主席。
Hewaselectedchairmenofthecommittee.【结论1】表示独一无二的职务、身份前一般不用冠词。
【翻译句子】(30)他喜欢踢足球。
Helikesplayingfootball.【结论2】表示球类、棋类的运动项目不加冠词。
【翻译句子】(31)她正在吃早饭。
Sheishavingbreakfast.【结论3】在一日三餐名词前不用冠词。
【翻译句子】(32)她坐飞机去伦敦。
ShewenttoLondonbyplane.【结论4】交通工具名词前不用冠词。
【疑难1】Hewenttoschoolat7：30everyday.Hecametotheschooltospeaktotheheadmaster. Hismotherisinhospitalandhehasbeeninthehospitaltotakecareofher.【疑难剖析1】一些地点的名词，如：bed,church,school,hospital，home,work等，当人们去这些地方做在这些地方应该做的事时，不加冠词。
如果在上述词组前面加上定冠词the，可以表示去这些场所做其他的事情。
【疑难2】表示类别泛指概念的四种表达方式(1)Ilikemusic.【疑难剖析2】不带the的不可数名词可以表示泛指。
(2)Bananasareyellow.【疑难剖析3】不带the的复数可数名词表示泛指。
强调类别中的“所有个体”。
(3)Theelephantisthelargestlandmammal.【疑难剖析4】“the＋单数可数名词”可以表示泛指。
指整个类别，且这个类别是可以区别于另一个类别的。
(4)Adogmakesgoodpet.【疑难剖析5】“不定冠词a/an＋单数可数名词”可以表示泛指。
强调类别中的“每一个”。
北京市2018届高三下学期综合练习试题分类汇编之阅读理解：北京市石景山区第三部分：阅读理解〔共两节，40分〕第一节〔共15小题，每题2分，总分值40分〕阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项〔A、B、C和D〕中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
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mily、I'dlosteverythingexceptmyfourteenagechildren、IusedeverypennyIhadtobuyfiveplaneticketsfromMissouritoHawaii、EveryonesaidIwascrazytothinkIcouldjustrunofftoanislandandsurvivE、Iwasafraidtheywereright、Iworked18hoursadayandlost30poundsbecauseIlivedononemealaday、OnenightasIwalkedaloneonthebeach,Isawtheredorangelava〔火山岩〕pouringoutofKilaueaVolcanointhedistancE、Itwastimetolivemyimagination!Thenextday,Iquitmyjob,boughtsomeartsuppliesandbegandoingwhatIloveD、Ihadn'tpaintedapicturein15years、Iwonderedif1couldStillpaint、MyhandstrembledthefirsttimeIpickedupabrush、Butbeforeanhourhadpassed,Iwaslostinthecolorsspreadingacrossthecanvas〔画布〕infrontofmE、AndassoonasIstartedbelievinginmyself,otherpeoplestartedbelievinginme,too、Thefirstpaintingsoldfor$1500、Thepastsixyearshavebeenfilledwithadventures、MychildrenandIhavegoneswimmingwithdolphins,watchedwhalesandhikedaroundthecrater rim〔火山口边缘〕ofthevolcano、Wewakeupeverymorningwiththeoceaninfrontofusandthevolcanobehindus、ThedreamIhadmorethan40yearsagoisnowreality、I'mlivingfreelyandhappilyeverafter、56、WhydidthewritergotoHawaii?A、Tomakealiving、B、Tospendherholiday、C、TofreeherselffromtroublE、D、Torealizeherchildhooddream、57、Whichofthefollowingisthewriter'sdream?A、GetclosetowildlifE、B、LiveafreeandhappylifE、C、Liveinnaturewithanimals.D、Becomeasuccessfulpainter、58、Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_____、A、thewriterhadneverdonepaintingbeforeB、thewriter'sparentsencouragedhertodivorceC、thewriter'shusbandtookawaymostofhermoneyD、thewriterwasn'tsurewhethershecouldsurviveinHawaiiatfirstBTheHomelessWorldCupisaninternationalfootballtournament,whereteamsmadeupenti relyofpeoplewhoarehomelesscompetE、Theeventhasbeenheldannuallysince2003、Itwasattheendof2001thatMelYoung,afamousexpertinthemediaindustry,cameupwitht heideaoftheHomelessWorldCup、18monthslaterthefirsteventtookplaceinAustriA、ItwassuchasuccessthatpeopledecidedtodomorE、Therearesomeinterestingandspecialrulesoftheevent、Forexample,players 〔maleorfemaleatleast16yearsold〕musthavebeenhomelessatsometimeaftertheprevious-year'sWorldCup,ormaketheirmainli vingincomebysellingnewspapersinthestreet,orbeasylum〔政治避难〕seekers、Anyonecantakepart,regardlessofhisorherabilities、Thereareatmost4playersperteamtocompeteinthefielD、Gamesare14minuteslong、In2007,48nations,500playerstookaonce-in-a-lifetimeopportunitytorepresentthe ircountriesfortruespiritandgloryinCopenhagen,Denmark、Thewinnerin2007wasScotlanD、The2017HomelessWorldCuptookplaceinMelbourne,AustraliA、Andin2017itwasheldinMilan、ThelatestHomelessWorldCupwasheldinRiodeJaneiro,BrazilinSeptember2017、Paris2017HomelessWorldCup、takesplaceAugustfollowedbytheMexicoCity2018HomelessWorldCup、Thesuccessofthecompetitionhasbeenintwoaspects—toattracttheworld'sattentiontotheproblemsofhomelessnessandalsotohelpparticipant sliveabetterlifE、AccordingtoasurveybytheHomelessWorldCupOrganizationafter2006HomelessWorldCu p,92%oftheplayershadanewmotivationforlife,93playerssuccessfullygotridoftheirdep endencyondrugsandalcohol,44%improvedtheirhousingsituationand72%continuedtoplayf ootball、59、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A、ThefirstHomelessWorldCuptookplacein2003、B、TheHomelessWorldCupwasheldeveryotheryear、C、Thehostcountryofthe9thHomelessWorldCupwasAustraliA、D、AnyonewhoishomelesscantakepartintheHomelessWorldCup、60、TheaimoftheHomelessWorldCupisto_____、A、promotethecauseoffootballB、helpthehomelessliveabetterlifeC、drawattentiontothoselivinginpovertyD、callonhomelesspeopletouniteandcompeteforhonor61、Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A、Mostplayersmovedoutofpoverty、B、Homelessplayersbecameprofessionalfootballers、C、93%oftheplayerswereindependentofdrugsandalcohol、D、TheHomelessWorldCuphelpedhomelesspeoplechangetheirlives、62、Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A、ToEndHomelessness、B、FootballforEveryonE、C、HopefortheHomelessPlayers、D、BeatingHomelessnessThroughFootball、CAlthoughnewlawshavebeenpassedinsomeAmericanstatestocutdownonDistracted(分心的〕driving,manyaccidentsanddeathswerestillrelatedwithit,especiallyusingcellphonesw hiledriving、RecentlytheObamaadministrationisconsideringdisablingcellphonesincarsaimingtocut downcell-phone-relatedroaddeaths、TransportationSecretaryRayLaHood,thenation'santi-distracted-drivingsupporte r,saidinaninterviewonNovember18thatfederalofficialsarelookingattechnologytodisa blecellphonesinsidecars、“Ithinkitwillbedone,”LaHoodsaiD、“IthinkthetechnologyisthereandIthinkyou'regoingtoseethetechnologybecomeadaptab leinautomobilestodisablethesecellphones-Weneedtodoalotmoreifweweregoingtosaveli ves、”AlsoonThursday,thetransportationgovernmentstartedanew “FacesofDistractedDriving”videocampaignthatfeaturespeoplewhohavebeenkilledorlosttheirlovedonesbecauseofin attentivedrivers、Thevideofeaturesheartbreakingstoriesofchildrenkilled,incrashesbecauseofphoningo rtextmessaging,andnewvideosareexpectedtobeaddedeveryfewweeks、AdriverisfourtimesmorelikelytocrashwhileusingamobilephonE、Morethan5,500peoplewerekilledlastyearbydistracteddrivers,andanother500,000werei njureD、LaHoodhassaiditisneversafetotalkonacellphonewhiledriving,hands-freeornot,becaus eitcanreallycausedistraction、Incidentally,alotofpeopleseemtoagreewiththisviewpoint—anewresearchshowsnearlytwo-thirdsofAmericanssupportanationalbanontheuseofcellph oneswhiledriving,evenifthedriverisusingahands-freedevice〔装置〕、Buttheresearchdidn'taskhowpeoplefeelaboutgovernment-issuedmobilephonescramblers orotherdisablingdevices、63、WecanlearnfromthetextthatRayLaHood_____、A、isinchargeoftheinventionofthetechnologyB、isstronglyfortheuseofthetechnologyincarsC、thinksit'seasyandpracticaltoinventthetechnologyD、thinksit'sunnecessarytousecellphonewhiledriving64、The“FacesofDistractedDriving”videocampaignaimsto_____、A、findouttherealdriverswhocausedtheaccidentsB、showthatmostofthevictimsincarcrashesarechildrenC、makethepublicawareoftheterribleresultsofdistracteddrivingD、callondriverstobuythenewdevicewhichdisablescellphonesincars65、Inthelastparagraph,the“mobilephonescramblers”areprobably_____.A、akindofdisablingdevicesB、akindofhands-freedevicesC、anewkindofcellphonesD、newdevicestohelptextmessaging66、Wecaninferfrommetextthat_____、A、mostpeoplerealizetheharmfulnessofdistracteddrivingB、thedisablingdevicesincarswillbewidelyusedifitisfreeC、mostpeoplewouldliketochoosehands-freedeviceswhiledrivingD、thewriterisnotsurewhetherdisablingdeviceswillbeacceptedbythedriversDAreyoustressedout,scaredorworriedallthetime?Doyouavoidgoingtocertainplaces, seeingfriendsordoingcertainthingsbecauseofyourworries?Doyourworrieskeepyouawake atnight?Ifyou'veansweredyes,youmaybesufferingfromanxiety、AnxietyisanormalandnecessarypartoflifE、Anxietyisyourbrain'swayoftellingyouaboutdanger、Itisanxietywhichhelpsyoujumpoutofthewayifacarisspeedingtowardsyou、Butifitgetsoutofhand,anxietycangetinthewayofyourgettingonwithlifeandcanbecomear ealproblem、Ifthisisthecaseforyou,treatmentmaybeahelpfulwayforyoutogetyouranxietyundercontr ol、AnxietyisanormalpartoflifE、Somepeoplemayfeeluneasyifmovingtoanewplaceandsomemaygetoverlyanxiousincertainsi tuations、Therearelotsofreasonsforthis、OnemainreasonisafterastressfulthingwhichhashappenedinyourlifE、So,ifyouareinvolvedinacarcrash,it'squitelikelythatyouwillbemoreworriedthanother peoplearoundcarsanddriving、Beinganxiousalsoprobablyrunsinfamilies、Ifyourparentssufferfromanxietythenyouaremorelikelytobeanxioustoo、Thisisprobablypartlyduetogenetics,andpartlybecauseofhowthingsarewhenyou'regrowi ngup、Eventhoughpeopledon'ttalkaboutitmuch,anxietyisoneofthemostcommonmentalhealt hproblems、About1in4peoplewillhaveananxietyproblematsometimeintheirlifE、Ifyouhaveananxietyproblemit'shardforotherpeopletounderstandwhysomethingthat doesn'tworrythem,likebeinginacrowdofpeople,canbesoscaryforyou、Thiscanmakeyoufeelseparatedandlonely,asmaybecomeworseandworsE、Thegoodnewsistherearelotsofexcellenttreatmentsavailableforanxiety、Theseincludetakingtherapies〔疗法〕anddrugs、67、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabout,anxiety?A、Withanxietyyouarefarawayfromtrafficaccidents、B、It'sabnormalforpeopletogettooanxiousafterastressfulthing、C、Almosteverybodyhasacertaindegreeofanxietyincertainsituations、D、Whenyoufeelstressedout,scaredorworried,youaresurelysufferingfromanxiety、68、WhichofthefollowingreasonsforanxietyisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A、Illness、B、ExperiencE、C、Genetics、D、Environment、69、Whatcanweinferfromthefifthandsixthparagraphinthepassage?A、Anxietyisthemostcommonmentalhealthproblem、B、Thosesufferingfromanxietyneedothers'understandingbadly、C、Aboutaquarterofthepopulationaresufferingfromanxietynow、D、Onceyousufferfromanxiety,you'dbetterseekformedicaltreatment、70、Theauthorwillmostprobablytalkabout______followingthispassagE、A、whatisaboutanxietyB、whatcausesanxietyC、howtohandleanxietyD、whenanxietybecomesserious第二节〔共5小题；每题2分，共10分〕根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。