现在完成时（一）一、构成：由“助动词have(has)+动词过去分词”构成。
当句子主语为第三人称单数时，动词用has;其他人称用have。
1、肯定句：主语+have(has)+动词过去分词+其他成分I have read the book already.She has come.用完成时填空（1）He (get) a car. (2)We (see) the film.2、否定句：主语+have(has)+not+动词过去分词+其他成分I haven’t seen the film.做否定句She (finish)the homework.They (give) me the answer yet.3、一般疑问句，均提前have(has)，肯定回答：Yes ,主语+have(has) ,否定回答，No, 主语+haven’t(hasn’t) .Have you got an English-Chinese dictionary?Yes ,I have . No, I hav en’t .做一般疑问句并做肯定否定回答S he has picked the corns already .We have copied all the answers .4、特殊疑问句：（1）疑问词做主语时句型:疑问词(主语)+have/has+过去分词+其他例:A:Who has /have bought these apples?谁买了这些苹果?B:Rose/Rose's friends has/have bought them.罗斯/罗斯的朋友们买的.（2）.疑问词做主语以外的成份时.句型:疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+… A: How long have you lived here?B: I’ve lived here for nearly 6 years.A: How many times have you been to Spain?B: I have been to Spain five times.5、反义疑问句：She has drawn two pictures, hasn’t she?二、动词过去分词：绝大多数动词都是规则变化在动词词尾加ed,部分动词是不规则变化。
规则变化动词分为四类：1、原形+ed，如worked ,passed .2、字尾是不发音e是，直接加d，如liked ,lived3、字尾是“元音字母加+y时”，直接加ed，若字尾为“辅音字母+y”，则改y尾I加ed，如，played ,stayed ,studied ,cried.4、末尾是一个元音字母加一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，双写最后的辅音字母再加ed,如，stopped ,dropped,hugged,shopped,clapped. 关于ed 的发音如下：1、在清辅音后面读/ t / ,在元音后读/d / .2、在t, d 后读/ id /.现在完成时（二）现在完成时表示过去完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
一、常与already（已经）,和yet连用。
1、Have you finished your work yet ? 你做完你的作业了吗？Yes ,I have . I have just finished it .我昨完了，我刚做完。
2、I’ve already finished it . 我已经完成了。
我还没做完。
3、I haven’t finished it yet.○注already 通常用于现在完成时的肯定句中，含有already 的完成时句子变成否定句和疑问句时already 都变成yet .She has already finished her homework . 变一般疑问句和否定句。
Has she finished her homework yet ?She hasn’t finished it yet.○注根据上几句可看出already 常用于肯定句中，yet 常用于否定句疑问句句尾。
同时yet 也用于not 后面。
二、也可与ever(曾经) ,never（从来，决不）连用。
Have you ever been to the park ?Yes ,I have .No ,I haven’t , I have never been to the park.三、与just(刚刚, 表示行为刚刚过去，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。
),before(曾经，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，) 连用。
1、He has just come back from school.2、I think I have met you before.3、It seems that I have been here before.四、以动作发生的次数为标志:twice, three times…He says he has been to the USA three times.练习题1、Have they seen the film ? 他们已经看过电影了吗？Yes ,they have seen it .是的，他们刚刚看过。
2、They have been to Hawaii.他们已经去过夏威夷了。
3、They haven’t seen the film .他们还没看过这场电影呢。
4、Have you seen the film ?你曾看过这场电影吗？I have seen the film.我从来没看过这场电影。
5、I haven’t got a very good job .A、alreadyB、yetC、justD、never6、Has she learnt surfing ?A、everB、neverC、justD、already7、We have been to Hawaii. （哪个不可以填此空）A、neverB、yetC、alreadyD、just现在完成时（三）一、用法：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，有可能还会持续下去。
（肯定句中必须用延续动词，否定句可用非延续动词）1.For + 时间段For 后面表示时间的可以是具体的数字,也可以是泛指的时间,如 along time , several days , some time(一些时间)I have lived here for a long time.She has been busy for five days.2.Since + 表示过去的时间的单词或句子.①Since +表示过去的时间的词,此时since 是介词.常见的时间状语如下:Since three years agoSince two months agoSince then从那时以来Since 2005,从2005年以来到现在Mike has been sick since yesterday/last night.②since+句子(过去时), 此时since是连词.We have known each other since we were children.We have lived here since we moved here in 2001用since和for填空1.______ two years2._______ two years ago3._______ last month4.______ 19995._______ yesterday6. _______ 4 o’clock7. ______ 4 hours 8._______ an hour ago9. _______ we were children 10. _____ lunch time 11.______ she left here3.how long…表示多长时间,多久.回答“how long +have/has +主语+过去分词…”这样的现在完成时的问句时,常用for…和since…的句子.但和“for+时间”一样,how long 不仅用于完成时还可用于其他时态.A: How long have you worked in this factory ?B: I've worked in this factory for 3 years.B: I've worked in this factory since I graduated from university.注意：“when…?”疑问句不可以用现在完成时,因为“when…”疑问句是用来询问时间的,而现在完成时则不谈动作的时间.(正)when did you visit Beijing?(误)when have you visited Beijing?4.these days(months…)(这几天,这几个月…)既可以和完成时连用,也可以和其他的时态连用.It has been raining these days. 这些天一直在下雨。
5.Recently/lately(最近,近来),表示包括现在在内的时间,所以常常和现在完成时连用.Nancy hasn’t gone to school recently/lately.南希最近/近来没有去上学.6.So far/up to now(到目前为止), till/untill now(到现在),皆和现在密切关联,所以往往用现在完成时.Three students have been rescued so far .截止到目前,已有三名学生获救.I've planted 14 rose bushes so far.7.In the last /past few years.(在过去的几年中)这样的时间状语,一般用于现在完成时(也可用于过去时)We have learned about 2,000 words in the past few years.现在完成时（四）has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别①Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.②Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.③Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）跟时间段。
My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.现在完成时（五）瞬间性动词不能和表示一段时间的for +段时间，since +点时间的时间状语连用。