现在完成时讲解 经典
beaten
延续性动词和非延续性动词(终止性动词) 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作 如:learn, work, keep, have, wait, stay等。 延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。 非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表
示 不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束,不
能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 如:die, begin, finish, come, go, open, leave, join,
you been? I have been to Guangzhou. 4. How long have you been in this school? I have
been in this school for three years. 5. My brother has been in the army since he left
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1.for + 一段时间
Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. He’s studied English for 3 years.
2. since +(表示过去某一时间的)时间点 单词 词组 从句(一般过去时)
Eg. I have been here since 2000.
have gone to 意思是“去了”,表示已 经去了某地,现在人可能在去的途中或 已在那儿了。
have been in 意思是“呆在某处一段时 间了”
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用have been to, have gone to, have been in的适当形 式填空 1. - Where is Tom? – He has gone to the library. 2. How many times have you been to Paris? 3. I haven’t seen you for a long time. Where have
• He has just come back. 他刚刚回来。
• They have just finished the work. 他们刚刚完成那项工作。
4)for 和 since for 后面跟一段时间,since后面跟的是时间点,这 个时间点可能是单词、短语或一般过去时的句子。 带有for或since短语的句子,谓语动词要用延续性 动词。
He has been here for three days.
He has been here since yesterday.
He has been here since two days ago / last Monday.
He has been here since his wife died.
第一句用现在完成时时态,想表达意为:“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “过去他买了一本英汉字典,现在 他还有这本字典” 。
现在完成时的主要用法
3.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从 未有过的经历.
I have ever been to the Summer Palace?
(我曾去过颐和园)
I have never had a car.
(我从未有过汽车。)
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现在完成时的时间状语
◆常与①already, ③ever,
high school.
与一般过去时的用法比 较
一.现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过
去的事情,但现在完成时注意的不 是事情本身,而是强调事情与现在 保持的某种密切联系(如现在的结 果,影响,一直延续到现在等);而一
般过去时,则只讲述发生在过去的 动作和事情与现在没有关系。
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eg:He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。
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现在完成时的主要用法
2.表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的 动作或状态,常和表示一段时间的时间状语连 用,谓语动词多用延续性动词。(这一用法与现
在完成进行时相同: have / has + been + v.ing。)
They have lived here for 30 years. 他们已经在这儿住了30年。
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●但在否定句中,短暂性动词可 以与时间段连用。
如:I haven’t bought the bike for a year.
我买这辆自行车还不到一年。
She hasn’t come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。
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翻 译 练 习:
1.我买了这块手表五年了。
I have been here since 5 years ago.
I have been here since I graduated in 2000.
注2): 对for或since引导的时间 状语提问 必须用how long, 决 不能用when. Eg. I have lived here for 10 years. How long have you lived here?
I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。
(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)
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She has swum since half an hour ago. 我已经游泳了半个小时
(半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游)
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marry / get married等。
leave--be away (from) join-- be in/be a/an…
come/go (to) --be (in/at)start/begin-- be on
arrive (at/in)--be (in/at) die-- be dead
get (to)-- be (in/at)
间段连用,这些动词是:①become,
②begin,
③buy,
④borrow,
⑤come (go, arrive),
⑥die,
⑦finish,
⑧join,
⑨ leave, 等。
●为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延 续性动词 来代替短暂性动词。
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become →be, begin→ have , borrow → keep, buy → have, come (go, arrive, get) →be here/there/in…, die→ be dead, finish→ be over, join→ be in …(be a member of … ) leave→ be away ( from…),
②never, ④just,
⑤yet,
⑥before,
⑦up to now,
⑧so far,
⑨for the last few weeks
⑩these days, ⑾since ⑿for a long time 连用
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现在完成时的主要用法
2.表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状 态.常与since + 过去的时间点,for + 一段时 间,so far 等时间状语连用。
句中时,位于助动词或系动词后,实义动 词前。 • yet用于否定句和疑问句,一般在句末。 • I have already finished my homework. • I haven’t finished my homework yet.
• 2)ever和never • ever用于肯定句和疑问句中,在句中位
现在完成时
现在完成时的构成 现在完成时的主要用法 现在完成时的时间状语
短暂性动词与时间段的关系 have been 与have gone 比较
与一般过去时的用法比较
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现在完成时的构成
have (has)+ 过去分词
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现在完成时 ( present perfect tense)
I have bought this watch for five years.W
I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago.
2.这位老人已经死了十年了。
The old man has died for ten years. W
The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.
past
present(now)
future
do my homework
现在完成时的主要用法
1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
-- It’s so dark. --Someone has turned off the light. (有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑) -- Are you free? --I have finished my homework. I am free (我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)
She has stood here since 2 hour ago.How long has she stood here?
4. 过去分词的构成: 规则动词过去分词的构成和过去式一样,不规则 动词的过去分词见课本(八下或九年级课本最后 一页)。 记忆不规则动词的过去式和过去分词,可以分为 以下几类来记: