法律词汇完整版法律类相关词汇&术语一．律师相关词汇（page 1 –page23 ）二．民事法律术语（page 23 - page 48）三．商事法律术语（page 49 -page60 ）四．刑法总论（page61 -page79 ）五．法院诉讼术语（page80 -page 84）一．律师部分相关术语:案件受理费court acceptance fee案情重大、复杂important and complicated case 案由cause of action案子case包揽诉讼monopolize lawsuits被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件); 被上诉人appellate被诉人respondent; defendant本案律师counsel prosaic vice本地律师local counsel毕业证diploma; graduation certificate 辩护词defense; pleadings辩护律师defense lawyer辩护要点point of defense辩护意见submission财产租赁property tenancy裁定书·order; ruling; determination裁决书award（用于仲裁）裁决书verdict（用于陪审团）采信的证据admitted evidence;草拟股权转让协议drafting agreement of assignment ofequity interests查阅法条source legal provisions产权转让convincing出差go on errand; go on a business trip 出国深造further study abroad出具律师意见书providing legal opinion出示的证据exhibit出庭appear in court传票summons; subpoena答辩状answer; reply代理词representation代理房地产买卖与转让agency for sale and transfer of realestate代理仲裁agency for arbitration代写文书drafting of legal instruments待决案件pending case当事人陈述statement of the parties第三人third party吊销执业证revocation of lawyer license调查笔录investigative record调查取证investigation and gathering forevidence调解mediation调解书mediation二审案件case of trial of second instance发送电子邮件send e-mail法律顾问legal consultants法律意见书legal opinions法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal counseling法庭division; tribunal法学博士学位LL.D (Doctor of Laws)法学会law society法学课程legal courses法学硕士学位LL.M (Master of Laws)法学系faculty of law; department of law 法学学士学位LL.B (Bachelor of Laws)法学院law school法院公告court announcement反诉状counterclaim房地产律师real estate lawyer; real propertylawyer非合伙律师associate lawyer非诉讼业务non-litigation practice高级合伙人senior partner高级律师senior lawyer各类协议和合同agreements and contracts公安局Public Security Bureau公司上市company listing公诉案件public-prosecuting case公证书notaries certificate国办律师事务所state-run law office国际贸易international trade国际诉讼international litigation国内诉讼domestic litigation合伙律师partner lawyer合伙制律师事务所law office in partner-ship;cooperating law office合同审查、草拟、修改contract review, drafting and revision 会见当事人interview a client会见犯罪嫌疑人interview a criminal suspect兼职律师part-time lawyer监狱prison; jail鉴定结论expert conclusion缴纳会费membership dues举证责任burden of proof; onus probed决定书decision勘验笔录record of request看守所detention house抗诉书protest控告人accuser; complainant跨国诉讼transnational litigation劳动争议labor disputes劳动争议仲裁委员会arbitration committee for labordisputes劳改场reform-through-labor farm; prisonfarm利害关系人interested party; party in interest律管处处长director of lawyer control department 律师lawyer attorney; attorney at law律师惩戒lawyer discipline律师法Lawyer Law律师费lawyer fee律师函lawyer’s letter律师见证lawyer attestation/authentication律师见证书lawyercertification/authentication/witness律师卷宗lawyer’s docile; file律师刊物lawyer’s journal律师联系电话contact phone number of a lawyer律师事务所law office; law firm律师收费billing by lawyer律师网站lawyer website律师协会National Bar (Lawyer) Association律师协会会员member of Lawyer Association律师协会秘书长secretary general of Bar (Lawyer)Association律师协会章程Articles of Lawyer Association律师业务室lawyer’s office律师执业证lawyer license律师助理assistant lawyer律师资格考试bar exam; lawyer qualification exam 律师资格证lawyer qualification certificate民事案件civil case民事调解civil mediation民事诉讼civil litigation派出所local police station; police substation 判决judgment(用于民事、行政案件);判决determination(用于终审);判决sentence(用于刑事案);判决verdict(由陪审团作出)旁证circumstantial evidence企业章程articles of association; articles ofincorporation; bylaw企业重组corporate restructure起诉状information; indictment取消律师资格disbar全国律师代表大会National Lawyer Congress缺席宣判pronounce judgment or determinationby default人民法院People’s Court人民检察院People’s Procurator ate认定事实determine facts上诉案件case of trial of second instance;appellate case上诉人appellant上诉状petition for appeal涉外律师lawyers specially handlingforeign-related matters申请复议administrative reconsiderationpetition申请加入律师协会application for admission to LawAssociation申请人petitioner; claimant申诉案件appeal case申诉人（仲裁）claimant; plaintiff申诉书appeal for revision, petition forrevision实习律师apprentice lawyer; lawyer inprobation period实习律师证certificate of apprentice lawyer视听证据audio-visual reference material适用法律apply law to facts受害人victim书证documentary evidence司法部Ministry of Justice司法建议书judicial advise司法局Judicial Bureau司法局副局长deputy director of Judicial Bureau司法局局长director of Judicial Bureau司法统一考试uniform judicial exam送达service of process诉讼litigation; action; lawsuit诉讼当事人litigation party; litigious party诉讼业务litigation practice诉状complaint; bill of complaint; statementof claim查封seal up撤回上诉withdraw appeal撤诉withdraw a lawsuit撤销立案revoke a case placed on file撤销原判，发回重审rescind the original judgment andremand the case or the original courtfor retrial出示的证据exhibit除权判决invalidating judgment (for negotiableinstruments)传唤summon; call传闻证据hearsay答辩answer; reply答辩陈述书statement of defense答辩状answer; reply大法官associate justices; justice大检察官deputy chief procurator代理控告agency for accusation代理申诉agency for appeal代理审判员acting judge代为申请取保候审agency for application of the bailpending trial with restricted liberty ofmoving弹劾式诉讼accusatory procedure当事人陈述statement of the parties当庭宣判pronouncement of judgment orsentence in court地区管辖territorial jurisdiction地区检察分院inter-mediate People’s Procurator ate第三人third party调查笔录record of investigation定期宣判pronouncement of judgment orsentence later on a fixed date定罪证据incriminating evidence; inculcatorevidence冻结freeze督促程序procedure of supervision and urge 独任庭sole-judge bench独任仲裁员sole arbitrator对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施compulsory measures againstimpairment of civil action对席判决judgment inter parties二审trial of second instance二审案件case of trial of second insurance罚款impose a fine法定证据statutory legal evidence法定证据制度system of legal evidence法官judges法警bailiff; court police法律文书legal instruments/papers法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal consulting法庭辩论court debate法庭调查court investigation法庭审理笔录court record法庭审理方式mode of court trial法庭庭长chief judge of a tribunal法院court法院公告court announcement反诉counterclaim反诉答辩状answer with counterclaim反诉状counterclaim犯罪嫌疑人criminal suspect附带民事诉讼案件 a collateral civil action附带民事诉讼被告defendant of collateral civil action 复查reexamination; recheck复验reinsert高级法官senior judge高级检察官senior procurator高级人民法院Higher People’s Court告诉案件case of complaint告诉才处理的案件case accepted at complaint告诉申诉庭complaint and petition division工读学校work-study school for delinquentchildren公安部Ministry of Public Security公安分局public security sub-bureau公安厅public security bureau at the levels ofprovinces, autonomous regions andcities under direct jurisdiction ofcentral government公开审理trial in public公开审判制度open trial system公示催告程序procedure of public summons forexhortation公诉案件public-prosecuting case公诉词statement of public prosecution公证机关public notary office共同管辖concurrent jurisdiction管辖jurisdiction国际司法协助international judicial assistance海事法院maritime court合议庭collegial panel合议庭评议笔录record of deliberating by thecollegiate bench和解composition; compromise核对诉讼当事人身份check identity of litigious parties恢复执行resumption of execution回避withdrawal混合式诉讼mixed action基层人民法院basic People’s Court羁押期限term in custody级别管辖subject matter jurisdiction of courts atdifferent levels监视居住living at home under surveillance监狱prison检察官procurator检察权prosecutorial power检察委员会procuratorial/prosecutorialcommittee检察院procuratorate检察院派出机构outpost tribunal of procuratorate简易程序summary procedure鉴定结论expert conclusion经济审判庭economic tribunal径行判决direct adjudication without sessions;judgement without notice纠问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings拘传summon by force; summon bywarrant拘留所detention house举报information/report of an offence举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision军事法院military procuratorate开庭审理open a court session开庭通知notice of court session勘验笔录record of inquest看守所detention house可执行财产executable property控告式诉讼accusatory proceedings控诉证据incriminating evidence控诉职能accusation function扣押distrain on; attachment扣押物distress/distraint宽限期period of grace劳动争议仲裁申请书petition for labor dispute arbitration 劳改场reform-through-labor farm劳教所reeducation-through-labor office类推判决的核准程序procedure for examination andapproval of analogical sentence累积证据cumulative evidence立案报告place a case on file立案管辖functional jurisdiction立案决定书written decision of case-filing立案侦查report of placing a case on file利害关系人interested party临时裁决书interim award律师见证书lawyer’s written attestation; lawyer’swritten authentication律师事务所law office; law firm律师提前介入prior intervention by lawyer免于刑事处分exemption from criminal penalty民事案件civil case民事审判庭civil tribunal民事诉讼civil action民事诉讼法Civil Procedural Law扭送seize and deliver a suspect to the police 派出法庭detached tribunal派出所police station判决judgement; determination判决书judgement; determination; verdict (指陪审团作出的)旁证circumstantial evidence陪审员juror批准逮捕approval of arrest破案clear up a criminal case; solve acriminal case破产bankruptcy; insolvency普通程序general/ordinary procedure普通管辖general jurisdiction企业法人破产还债程序procedure of bankruptcy andliquidation of a business corporation起诉filing of a lawsuit起诉sue; litigate; prosecute; institution ofproceedings起诉状indictment; information区县检察院grassroots People’s Procuratorate 取保候审the bail pending trial with restrictedliberty of moving缺席判决default judgement人民调解委员会People’s Mediation Committee认定财产无主案件cases concerning determination ofproperty as qwnerless认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity上诉appeal上诉人appellant上诉状petition for appeal少管所juvenile prison社会治安综合治理comprehensive treatment of socialsecurity涉外案件cases involving foreign interests 涉外民事诉讼foreign civil proceedings涉外刑事诉讼foreign criminal proceedings申请人applicant; petitioner申请书petition; application for arbitration 申请执行人execution applicant申诉人宣誓书claimant’s affidavit of authenticity 申诉书appeal for revision; petition forrevision神示证据制度system of divinity evidence神示制度ordeal system审查案件case review审查并决定逮捕examine and decide arrest审查起诉阶段stage of review and prosecution审理通知书notice of hearing审判长presiding judge审判长宣布开庭presiding judge announce court insession审判管辖adjudgement/trial jurisdiction审判监督程序procedure for trial supervision审判委员会judicial committee审判员judge审问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings生效判决裁定legally effective judgement/order 胜诉方winning party省市自治区检察院higher People’s Procuratorate失踪和死亡宣告declaration of disappearance anddeath实（质）体证据substantial evidence实物证据tangible evidence实在证据real evidence示意证据demonstrative evidence视听证据audio-visual evidence收容所collecting post; safe retreat首席大法官chief justice首席检察官chief procurator受害人的近亲属victim’s immediate family受理acceptance受理刑事案件审批表registration form of acceptance ofcriminal case受送达人the addressee书记员court clerk书记员宣读法庭纪律court clerk reads court rules书证documentary evidence司法部Ministry of Justice司法机关judicial organizatons司法警察judicial police司法局judicial bureau司法厅judicial bureau at the levels ofprovinces, autonomous regions, andcities under direct jurisdiction ofcentral government司法协助judicial assistance死缓的复核judicial review of death sentence with aretrieve死刑复核程序procedure for judicial review of deathsentence死刑复核权competence for judicial review ofdeath sentence送达service of process送达传票service of summons/subpoena送达诉状service of bill of complaint搜查search诉sue; suit; action; lawsuit诉前财产保全property attachment prior to lawsuit 诉讼litigation; lawsuit; sue; action诉讼保全attachment诉讼参加人litigious participants诉讼代理人agent ad litem诉状complaint; bill of complaint; state ofclaim特别程序special procedures提起公诉institute a public prosecution铁路法院railway court铁路检察院railroad transport procuratorate庭审程序procedure of court trial通缉wanted for arrest投案appearance退回补充侦查return of a case for supplementaryinvestigation委托辩护entrusted defense未成年人法庭juvenile court无行政职务的法官associate judge无正当理由拒不到庭refuse to appear in court without duecause无罪判决acquittal, finding of “ not guilty ”物证material evidence先予执行申请书application for advanced execution 先予执行advanced execution刑事案件criminal case刑事拘留criminal detention刑事强制拘留criminal coercive/compulsorymeasures刑事审判庭criminal tribunal刑事诉讼criminal proceedings刑事诉讼法Criminal Procedural Law刑事自诉状self-incriminating criminal complaint 行政案件administrative case行政审判庭administrative tribunal行政诉讼administrative proceedings行政诉讼法Administrative Procedural Law宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件cases concerning the declaration ofdisappearance and death宣判笔录record of rendition of judgement选民资格案件cases concerning qualifications ofvoters询问证人inquire/question a witness训诫reprimand讯问笔录record of interrogation询问犯罪嫌疑人interrogate criminal suspect言词证据verbal evidence要求传唤证人申请书application for subpoena一裁终局arbitration award shall be final andbinding一审trial of first instance一审案件case of trial of first instance应诉通知书notice of respondence to action有罪判决sentence; finding of “guilty”予审preliminary examinantion; pretrial 原告plaintiff院长court president阅卷笔录record of file review (by lawyers)再审案件case of retrial再审申请书petition for retrial责令具结悔过order to sign a statement ofrepentance债权人会议creditors’ meeting侦查阶段investigation stage侦查终结conclusion of investigation征询原、被告最后意见consulting final opinion of theplaintiff and defendant证据evidence证据保全preserve evidence证据保全申请书application for evidence preservation 证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit支付令payment order/warrant知识产权庭intellectual property tribunal执行程序procedure execution执行逮捕execution of arrest执行和解conciliation of execution执行回转recovery of execution执行庭executive tribunal执行异议objection to execution执行员executor执行中止discontinuance of execution执行终结conclusion of execution指定辩护appointed defense指定仲裁员声明statement of appointing arbitrator中级人民法院intermediate People’s Court中途退庭retreat during court session withoutpermission仲裁arbitration仲裁被诉人respondent; defendant仲裁裁决award仲裁申请书arbitration仲裁申诉人claimant; plaintiff仲裁庭arbitration tribunal仲裁委员会arbitration committee仲裁协议arbitration agreement; clauses ofarbitration仲裁员arbitrator主诉检察官principal procurator助理检察官assistant procurator助理审判员assistant judge专门法院special court专门管辖specific jurisdiction专属管辖exclusive jurisdiction追究刑事责任investigate for criminal responsibility 自首confession to justice自诉案件private-prosecuting case自行辩护self-defense自由心证制度doctrine of discretional evaluation ofevidence自侦案件self-investigating case最高人民法院the Supreme People’s Court最高人民检察院the Supreme People’s Procuratorate 最后裁决书final award二，民事法律法律渊源source of law制定法statute判例法case law; precedent普通法common law特别法special law固有法native law; indigenous law继受法adopted law实体法substantial law程序法procedural law原则法fundamental law例外法exception law司法解释judicial interpretation习惯法customary law公序良俗public order and moral自然法natural law罗马法Roman Law私法private law公法public law市民法jus civile万民法jus gentium民法法系civil law system英美法系system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系civil law system普通法common law大陆法continental law罗马法系Roman law system英吉利法English law衡平法equity; law of equity日尔曼法Germantic law教会法ecclesiastical law寺院法canon law伊斯兰法Islamic law民法法律规范norm of civil law授权规范authorization norm禁止规范forbidding norm义务性规范obligatory norm命令性规范commanding norm民法基本原则fundamental principles of civillaw平等原则principle of equality自愿原则principle of free will公平原则principle of justice等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则principle of good faith行为act作为act不作为omission合法行为lawful act违法行为unlawful act民事权利权利能力civil right绝对权absolute right相对权relative right优先权right of priority先买权preemption原权antecedent right救济权right of relief支配权right of dominion请求权right of claim物上请求权right of claim for real thing形成权right of formation撤销权right of claiming cancellation否认权right of claiming cancellation解除权right of renouncement代位权subrogated right选择权right of choice承认权right of admission终止权right of termination抗辩权right of defense一时性抗辩权momentary right of defense永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argumentright不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right 同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneousperformance既得权tested right期待权expectant right专属权exclusive right非专属权non-exclusive right人身权利personal right人权human right人格权right of personality生命健康权right of life and health姓名权right of name名称权right of name肖像权right of portraiture自由权right of freedom名誉权right reputation隐私权right of privacy私生活秘密权right of privacy贞操权virginity right身份权right of status亲权parental power; parental right 亲属权right of relative探视权visitation right配偶权right of spouse荣誉权right of honor权利的保护protection of right公力救济public protection私力救济self-protection权利本位standard of right社会本位standard of society无责任行为irresponsible right正当防卫justifiable right; ligitimatedefence防卫行为act of defence自为行为self-conducting act紧急避险act of rescue; necessity自助行为act of self-help不可抗力force majeure意外事件accident行为能力capacity for act意思能力capacity of will民事行为civil act意思表示declaration of intention意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus 完全行为能力perfect capacity for act限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person保佐protection自治产人minor who is capable ofadministering his own capacity 无行为能力incapacity for act禁治产人interdicted person自然人natural person公民citizen住所domicile居所residence经常居住地frequently dwelling place户籍census register监护guardianship个体工商户individual business农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household 合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnership agreement合伙财产property of partnership合伙债务debt of partnership入伙join partnership退伙withdrawal from partnership合伙企业partnership businessestablishment个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnership of legal person特别合伙special partnership普通合伙general partnership有限合伙limited partnership民事合伙civil partnership隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormantpartnership私营企业private enterprise;proprietorship法人legal person企业法人legal body of enterprise企业集团group of enterprise关联企业affiliate enterprise个人独资企业individual business establishment 国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint ventureenterprise中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractualenterprise社团法人legal body of mass organization 财团法人legal body of financial group联营joint venture法人型联营association of legal persons合伙型联营coordinated management inpartnership协作型联营cooperation-type coordinatedmanagement合作社cooperative民事法律行为civil legal act单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act双方民事法律行为bilateral civil legal act多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为civil legal act with consideration 无偿民事法律行为civil legal act withoutconsideration; civil legal actwithout award实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为principal civil legal act从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death 死后民事法律行为civil legal act after death准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act无效行为ineffective act可撤销民事行为revocable civil act违法行为illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为tort欺诈fraud胁迫duress乘人之危taking advantage of others’precarious position以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegalintention恶意串通malicious collaboration重大误解gross misunderstanding显失公平obvious unjust误传misrepresentation代理agency本人principal被代理人principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人original agent法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent 委托代理人agent by mandate指定代理人designated agent复代理人subagent再代理人subagent转代理人subagent代理权right of agency授权行为act of authorization授权委托书power of attorney代理行为act of agency委托代理agency by mandate本代理original agency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理authorized agency表见代理agency by estoppel; apparentagency律师代理agency by lawyer普通代理general agency全权代理general agency全权代理委托书general power of attorney 共同代理joint agency独家代理sole agency居间brokerage居间人broker行纪commission; broker house信托trust时效time limit; prescription;limitation时效中止suspension ofprescription/limitation时效中断interruption oflimitation/prescription时效延长extension of limitation取得时效acquisitive prescription时效终止lapse of time; termination ofprescription期日date期间term涉外民事关系civil relations with foreignelements冲突规范rule of conflict准据法applicable law; governing law 反致renvoi; remission转致transmission识别identification公共秩序保留reserve of public order法律规避evasion of law国籍nationality国有化nationalization法律责任legal liability民事责任civil liability/responsibility行政责任administrativeliability/responsibility刑事责任criminal liability/responsibility 违约责任liability of breach of contract;responsibility of default有限责任limited liability无限责任unlimited liability按份责任shared/several liability连带责任joint and several liability过失责任liability for negligence; negligentliability过错责任fault liability; liability for fault单独过错sole fault共同过错joint fault混合过错mixed fault被害人过错victim’s fault第三人过错third party’s fault推定过错presumptive fault恶意bad faith; malice故意deliberate intention; intention;willfulness过失negligence重大过失gross negligence疏忽大意的过失careless and inadvertentnegligence过于自信的过失negligence with undueassumption损害事实facts of damage有形损失tangible damage/loss无形损失intangible damage/loss财产损失property damage/loss人身损失personal damage/loss精神损失spiritual damage/loss民事责任承担方式methods of bearing civil liability 停止侵害cease the infringing act排除妨碍exclusion of hindrance; removalof obstacle消除危险elimination of danger返还财产restitution of property恢复原状restitution; restitution oforiginal state赔偿损失compensate for a loss; indemnifyfor a loss支付违约金payment of liquidated damage 消除影响eliminate ill effects恢复名誉rehabilitate one’s reputation赔礼道歉extend a formal apology物权jus ad rem; right in rem; realright物权制度real right system; right in remsystem一物一权原则the principal of One thing, OneRight物权法定主义principal of legality of right inrem物权公示原则principal of public summons ofright in rem物权法jus rerem物property生产资料raw material for production生活资料means of livelihood; means ofsubsistence流通物res in commercium; a thing incommerce限制流通物limited merchantable thing禁止流通物res extra commercium; a thingout of commerce资产asset固定资产fixed asset流动资产current asset; floating asset动产movables; chattel不动产immovable; real estate特定物res certae; a certain thing种类物genus; indefinite thing可分物res divisibiles; divisible things 不可分物res indivisibiles; indivisiblethings主物res capitalis; a principal thing 从物res accessoria; an accessory thing 原物original thing孳息fruits天然孳息natural fruits法定孳息legal fruits无主物bona vacatia; vacant goods;ownerless goods遗失物lost property漂流物drifting object埋藏物fortuna; hidden property货币currency证券securities债券bond物权分类classification of right in rem/realright自物权jus in re propria; right of fullownership所有权dominium; ownership; title所有权凭证document of title; title ofownership占有权dominium utile; equitableownership使用权right of use; right to use of收益权right to earnings; right to yields 处分权right of disposing; jus dispodendi 善意占有possession in good faith恶意占有malicious possession按份共有several possession共同共有joint possession他物权jus in re aliena用益物权real right for usufruct使用权right to use; right of use土地使用权right to the use of land林权forest ownership采矿权mining ownership经营权managerial authority; power ofmanagement承包经营权right to contracted management 相邻权neighboring right; relatedright 地上权superficies永佃权jus emphyteuticum; right tolanded estate granted inperpetuity through a contract地役权servitude; easement人役权servitus personarum; personalservitude担保物权real right for security物的担保security for thing物的瑕疵担保warranty against defect of athing抵押权hypotheca; hypothecation; rightto mortgage抵押权的设定creation of right to mortgage抵押人mortgagor抵押权人mortgagee抵押标的物collateral; estate under mortgage 抵押权的效力deffect of right to mortgage抵押权的次序sequence of right to mortgage抵押权的抛弃abandonment of right tomortgage抵押权的让与alienation of right to mortgage抵押权的实现materialization of right tomortgage抵押权的消灭extinction of right to mortgageregistration of estate undermortgage抵押物登记registration of estate undermortgage抵押优先权priority of mortgage留置权lien一般留置权general lien特别留置权special lien质权hypotheque; pledge; right ofpledge佃权tenant right债权jus in personam; right to give orprocure; claim; creditor’s right 债权人creditor债务人debtor相对人counterpart; offeree给付give; pay债务debt; liability; obligation债务的偿还payment of debt债务的偿清discharge of debt债务的担保guarantee of debt债务的合并consolidation of debt债务的给付日期debt maturity债务的免除exemption of debt债的分类obligatio; obligation法定之债legal obligation任意之债voluntary obligation简单之债simple obligation选择之债alternative obligation主债prime/principal obligation从债accessory obligation单一之债single obligation按份之债several obligation连带之债joint obligation特定之债certain obligation种类之债indefinite obligation合同之债contractual obligation侵权行为之债tort obligation损害赔偿之债obligation of compensation forinjury; obligation of damages 人身损害damage to person精神损害moral/mental/spiritual damage 医药费hospital treatment expense医疗费medical charge抚恤金pension慰问金consolation money产品瑕疵defect of product不当得利unjust enrichment无因管理voluntary service债的担保guarantee of obligation财产担保property guarantee信用担保credit guarantee让与担保alienation guarantee保证guaranty明示保证express guaranty默示保证implied guaranty保证人guarantor保证合同contract of guaranty/suretyship 保证金guaranty bond; security deposit 押金deposit; foregift预付款advanced payment定金earnest money; deposit违约金liquidated damages法定违约金liquidated damages by law约定违约金liquidated damages byagreement债的履行performance of obligation实际履行原则doctrine of specific performance。